Discuss the main barriers to business development in the assigned Essay

Discuss the main barriers to business development in the assigned country. Croatia - Essay Example 2011). Croatia was one of the wealthiest Yugoslav republics before the break up. It suffered badly during the 1991-95 period when output collapsed and the Croats missed the early opportunities of waves of investments in Europe that was followed after the collapse of the Berlin wall. But due to increased and sustained efforts to build the battered economy, its recovery started during 2000 and 2007. It had a moderate and steady GDP in between 4% and 6%. There was a rebound of the tourism industry which contributed well to the GDP growth. Moreover credit driven consumer spending also was another reason for the growth of GDP. Inflation was controlled and the currency Kuna was stable. But in spite of these growth potentials, difficult times still remain in Croatia. There are growing unemployment, increase trade deficit and unbalanced regional development. In Croatia, the state retains larger part of the economy. Privatization efforts are often met with stiff public resistance. Although ma croeconomic stabilization has been achieved in the economy, there is a lag in structural reforms because of the resistance against privatization and lack of interest shown by politicians. Joining to the EU may somewhat change things in Croatia. It could accelerate fiscal and structural reforms in the country. ... However during recent years the Croatian economy has shown signs of revival. Its latest GDP purchasing power parity is estimated to be $78.52 billion; the GDP official exchange rate is $59.92 billion. But the real GDP growth rate has gone down to negative 1.4% in 2010. The GDP per capita income is $17500 making its rank to 67th in the world. The unemployment rate in the country is 17% and the public debt is 55%. It has an external debt of $59.7 billion (The world fact book. 2010). Over the last three years, the Croatian economy has undergone vast changes. Thousands of new private enterprises have sprung up. Government owned enterprises are in the process of transformation and privatization. It has abundant natural and human resources as well as a long standing business tradition. Moreover after the collapse of communism, new legal systems which would steer the economy are being developed in Croatia. There is tremendous hope that the economy would be a market driven economy in the fut ure (How to do Business with Croatia?2010). One among the significant barriers that has affected the business sector in Croatia is the hangover of communist regime. Even though Croatia is now very well advancing towards attaining membership in the European Union, the aftermath of communist rule in the country has significantly damaged some developments with regard to privatization. Many large commercial companies in Croatia still are supported alone by the state, notably the shipyard industry. Attempts made to sell of the assets to private enterprises have failed due to tough resistance. It is inevitable that a renewed effort is needed to address these problems effectively. The economy of the country has contracted over the last two years due

Service encounter journal and analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Service encounter journal and analysis - Essay Example The paper throws light on strategic marketing as the process of analyzing the way a company can achieve the satisfaction of its customers and thus, enlarge its profits. Strategic planning is of huge significance to any organization and is fundamentally directed from the top management. It is governed by several principles that include but are not limited to understanding the requirements of customers, setting clear objectives and delivering value. In order to gain competitive advantage, it is imperative that a company determines the sources of its products’ demand and draw a clear competitive landscape whereby the customers want its products more than its competitors in the market. In order to achieve this, the company should divide customers into individual segments and look out for techniques to gain their consent and satisfaction. This is a very challenging task as the needs of different segments call for different marketing mixes. One of the most important principles of st rategic marketing is the establishment of clear objectives of the company in terms of its position in the market. Market share is a key variable for this principle because a company keeps its prices higher and its long-term position in the market is stronger when it dominates in a specific segment of consumers. In addition to satisfying the individualistic needs of consumer segments and gaining increased share in the market, it is equally necessary for a company to add value to its product. This provides a company with a strong foundation upon which it can build its strategic marketing planning. ... found that application of TOC in the work resulted in the reduction of cycle times by 65 per cent, inventory levels by 49 per cent and lead times by 70 per cent. With this reduction in the respective times, companies successfully managed to deliver the customers their products on time. Their performance in the delivery dates upon application of the TOC was improved by 44 per cent. Application of TOC was also profitable for the companies in terms of revenue as it increased the profit by 76 per cent. I know some of the most renowned companies that are currently offering the worst customer services around. Good customer services can provide these companies with great competitive advantage particularly in these years of financial crisis when there are more companies than ever before in the market to produce the same goods or services along with equally increased expectations of the consumers (Milakovich, 2003, p. 62). Unfortunately, not many gurus have realized this simple formula to suc cess. In this paper, I have discussed my five experiences with different companies in which, I have been given a poor customer service. Some of the companies I shall discuss are very famous and my complaint might sound inconsistent with the quality of service generally given by these companies, but I am writing what happened to me anyway! May be I am a bit too particular about what good customer services mean†¦ I had a slight problem in the working of my laptop few months back. I took it to the Apple Genius Bar for checking. I can understand that these bars are very busy and have a lot of work to do. I was not the only one to have taken my laptop to them. They have hundreds of customers coming to them on daily basis for the same reason. So it would have been quite acceptable to me had the

The Importance Of Sustainability Marketing In Hotel Industry

The Importance Of Sustainability Marketing In Hotel Industry Tourism development depends on the local environment, but the hotel as a pillar industry of tourism, on environmental protection and reasonable use of resources made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹efforts directly related to the development of tourism and affect the sustainable development of society. 2. Review on Sustainability Marketing Since 90s, a wave of green revolution is sweeping the world and the concept of sustainable development has been gradually accepted by the people. Nowadays, sustainability becomes a hot topic and main theme of 21st century marketing for hotel industry, because the future hotel development will be more focus on protecting the balance of ecological environment, saving energy and reducing pollution, but that is only one hand. On the other, it is also being an important role in the marketing strategy for any business. Especial in todays highly competitive hotel industry, how to distinguish self from others and run a long-term successful business becomes a question for all hotels management. Lets discuss from the external and internal factors first which influences hotel sustainability. 2.1 External and Internal Factors Within the hotel industry, there are many ways we can talk about how to do sustainability, for example, recycling paper, changing normal bulbs to energy saving light bulb, using non-polluting materials etc. But those measures only can assist in some small ways, sustainability is a much wider topic we can discuss. It is constituted with external and internal factors. There are six areas are illustrated connecting together in an environment of economic success, social responsibility, and ecological health (Daub Ergenzinger 2005), and that six areas include location, marketing, human resources, empowerment, resource management and yield management. These are not the only elements that management needs to consider but it does give some indication of the importance of each element in a connected environment. (Holmberg, J. 1992). Besides those external factors, environmental management, water management and energy management as important internal components direct influences hotel environ mental sustainability. Throughout the factors, the sustainability development of the global hotel industry is not only direct impact by internal factors, but external factors as a strategy element will assist a hotel business go beyond. 2.2 Definition of Sustainability Marketing The World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) defined sustainable development as development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. (Brundlland Commission Report, 1987). This is a general explanation apply to all field. But in a business context, sustainable development means taking a triple bottom line (people, planet and profit) approach so that the business measures its success not just on financial performance, but on its environmental and social performance too (Csreurope.org 1999) . The Langham in Shanghai currently installing LED screen for every hotel room, and it will display each rooms energy consumption index (ECI), assuming hotel set 150 point as the average ECI, and if the index of the guests room below this average value, every point that lower than the average index, it can exchange to the equivalent hotel credit value, guest can consume goods within hotel using this credit value. 2.2.1 Different between Green Marketing and Sustainability Marketing Many people define sustainable marketing as green marketing. But from the definition between these two words, they still have subtle difference. Green marketing has three components, it refers to retailing, social marketing and environment and it will help an organization minimize negative impact on the physical environment (American Marketing Association). However, sustainable marketing is the contribution that the marketing profession can make to sustainable development (Csreurope.org 1999). Hence, green marketing should be an important member under sustainable marketing in order to assist hotel business goes further. Langham made a lot of energy saving effort to achieve the environmental protection, on the other hand, it helped hotel save cost. In addition, it provided a different experience to let their customer be an environmentalist. The manager Mr Li from Langham mention that hotel wont sacrifice their guests stay experience to achieve their own environmental goals, but can added more enthusiasm of environmental protection when they stay at hotel, sustainability marketings aim is not only focus on reduce pollution, more important is promote green awareness in order to build a green corporate image. Therefore, for those advocating environmental protection guest can easily make a choice, select a hotel which their core is sustainable development, so that not only broadcast their fame, but also retain the guest, that is the sustainable development road for a hotel. 2.4 The Importance Elements of Sustainability Marketing for Hotel Industry  ¼Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ®Ãƒ ¥Ã…  Ã‚ ©Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ©Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ £Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¦Ã…’ ½Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ º Sustainable Travel international (SIT) is a global non-profit leader which announced the launch of the Luxury Eco Certification Standard (LECS) to luxury hotels, it h elps them create and implement a measurement and management framework move toward to sustainability.(website). It can be seen, for todays hotel industry, being a well know hotel is not only reflect on variety service they can provide, but also give customer a different experience to retain their loyalty is the most important elements for nowadays hotel. 2.5.1 Customer Satisfaction The hotel wont sacrifice customer stay experience to achieve its own environmental goals. The hotel does not sacrifice guests stay to achieve their own environmental goals. Guests spend money hoping to enjoy equivalent services, the hotel environmental protection, is not so that guests can not do this can not do that, but I hope they add more environmental enthusiasm stay. Have a great sale not because of grate product, because of service)7-11 2.4.2 Branding In addition, the implementation of green marketing is also beneficial to build a green corporate image to ensure, so companies gain a unique competitive advantage. 2.3 Development trend of Sustainability Marketing Marketing has a responsibility to achieve profitable growth for the company (KOTLER, P., BOWEN, J. T., MAKENS, J. C. 2006). 2.3.1 Knows Customer Needs, Wants Demand 2.3.2 Differentiate Product from Other Competitors 2.5 Strategy Planning of Sustainability Marketing à ¦Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½Ãƒ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¦Ã…’ Ãƒ §Ã‚ »Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ±Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½Ãƒ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ·Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¦Ã… ½Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¦- ½: SUSTAINABILITYà ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ¨ 2.4.1 SWOT Analysis 3. Conclusion

surgery on amputations :: essays research papers

Amputation is a surgery to remove a limb or part of a limb. Amputation can also happen as an accident, which is called a traumatic amputation. Who is a candidate for the procedure? Amputation is most often used for one of four conditions:  · gangrene, which is a severe limb infection with death of tissue  · lack of enough blood flow through the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the affected limb  · severe trauma or injury of a limb  · cancer or a tumor involving a limb Amputation has serious emotional and physical effects. For this reason, limb removal is usually advised only when other options are not possible or have little chance of success. How is the procedure performed? There are many different ways to perform an amputation. A single finger or toe may be removed, or an entire arm or leg. The surgeon will usually try to remove as little of the limb as needed to treat the condition. An amputation is done in an operating room. In many cases, general anesthesia is used to put the person completely to sleep with medications. Regional anesthesia may also be used. In this case, a person is awake but has no sensation of pain. The area of skin where the incision will be made is cleaned. The surgeon then cuts into and through the skin. In most cases, the surgeon will remove the limb or part of the limb at a point where there is a joint. For instance, the entire leg below the knee may be removed. The knee area is chosen partly because this is where the shinbone, or tibia, meets the thighbone, or femur. Removing the part or whole limb at a joint prevents the need to break one of the bones. After the part or whole limb is removed, the skin is closed with sutures. A bandage or dressing is then placed over it. What happens right after the procedure? The person is taken to a surgery recovery room while he or she wakes up from the surgery. Pain medication is given if needed. Antibiotics and other medications may also be given. When the person is awake and his or her vital signs are within normal limits, he or she is usually taken back to a bed in the surgical inpatient unit. In most cases, the person will need to stay in the hospital for at least 1 or 2 more days.

Nursing Care for Dissociative Indentity Disorder

Dissociative identity disorder is a common mental disorder. American Psychiatric Association (2000) defines DID as, â€Å"presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states that recurrently take control of the individual’s behaviour, accompanied by an inability to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness† (as cited in Ringrose, 2011, p. 294). Coons (1998) states that an individual suffering from DID shows different personalities who may have different ages, names, and functions (as cited in Gentile, Dillon & Gillig, 2013, p. 24). The original personality is host and developed personalities are alters who may have different level of conciousness and knowledge (Persin, 2011, p. 58). It is complex type of disorder, Briere & Elliott (2003) and Spitzer et al. (2006) estimate that 1 to 3 percentage of total population are suffering from DID in North America (as cited in Gleadhill & Ferris, 2010, p. 3). The complexities in personality of the DID patient make difficulty in treatment; however, Chlebowski and Gregory (2012) argue that sychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnosis, group and family therapy are common for the treatment methods for DID (p. 165). By developing effective long term nursing care plan, and implementing it through the individual, family or group therapy, nursing intervention can play important role f or the treatment of DID patient having different symptoms. DID patients may show several symptoms including amnesia, identity confusion, identity alteration, feeling of loss of time and space, flashbacks, nightmares, headache, and emotional instability. Steinberg’s (2004) structured clinical interview for the diagnosis of DID identifies the five core symptoms as amnesia, depersonalisation, derealisation, identity confusion and identity alteration (as cited in Gleadhill & Ferris, 2010, p. 43). DID patient may also have the symptoms such as fear of others, loneliness, deep insecurity and lack of a coherent sense of self, loss of time and space, flashbacks, nightmares, fragmented and missing memories, headaches, emotional instability ranging from extremes of rage and fear through to numbing and inability to feel (McAllister, 2000, p. 26). Coons (1998) identifies some somatic symptoms such as pseudoseizures, conversion, and gastrointestinal and genitourinary disturbances (as cited in Gentile, Dillon & Gillig, 2013, p. 24). Coons further agrues that DID patients usually show the signs such as eye rolling, eye blinking, trancelike behaviour, and changes in posture during changing of personality from host to alter. Some of the DID patients also report dissociative symptoms of extrasensory experiences such as hallucinations (Gillig, 2009, p. 26). Whatever the symptoms the DID patient shows, there are underlying several traumatic causes for the patient suffering on his/her childhood. DID is acquired in the childhood due to severe ongoing neglect, physical, emotional, psychological and sexual abuse. Lev-Weisel (2008) states that when child gets abused, mostly sexually abused, he/she thinks the body no longer be a safe home, and thinks to get rid from the abused situation (as cited in Gleadhill & Ferris, 2010, p. 43). This situation develops dissociative behaviours in an individual as a coping mechanism. Curtis (1988), and Ross and Fraser (1987) argue that repeatition of abuse strengthens the defense mechnism of dissociation which allows abusive memories to be stored in different memory banks so that alter is formed with different personalities to handle the abuse (as cited in Precin, 2011, p. 8). Gold, Hill, Swingle and Elphant (1999) and Volkman (1993) state that the severity of the DID depends on child's age at the time of abuse, duration and severity of abuse, emotional attachment to the abuser, and psychological factors (as cited in Gleadhill & Ferris, 2010, p. 43). In addition to severe child abuse, Armstrong (1991), and Main and Solomon (1986) identify that a disorganized attachment style, and the absence of social as well as familial support also develop DID (as cited in Gillig, 2009, p. 24). Several therapies are in practice for the treatment of the DID such as sychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, art therapy, hypnosis, group and family therapy. Among them common treatments for DID identified by Pais (2009) include individual, family, or group therapy, creative arts therapies, pharmacotherapy and clinical hypnosis (as cited in Gleadhill & Ferris, 2010, p. 44). Due to complexity of disorder and multiple personalities to treat within an individual, Weber (2007) reports that its treatment is often long as well as challenging with possibility of remission scarce (as cited in Gleadhill & Ferris, 2010, p. 3). Chlebowski and Gregory (2012) argue that the treatment model with the largest empirical basis has been Kluft's (1999) individualized and multistaged treatment (p. 167). They state, â€Å"It involves making contact and agreement among alters to work towards integration, accessing and processing trauma with occasional use of hypnosis, learning new coping skills, and eventually fusion among the alters and the self† (p. 167). O'Reilly in1996 develops a nursing therapy model for the treatment of DID patient that focuses basically on three stages: reassuring present safety, associating important merories by ensuring patient confidence, and listening, applying and sharing the interpretation (as cited in McAllister, 2000, p. 31). McAllister et al. after an action research in 2001 find that nurse can reassociate the memory of DID patient by developing effective individualized as well as group therapeutic relationship with the patient (P. 31). Association of dissociative memory is quite challenging work among the psychotherapist; however, longitudanal individual and group therapies are still considered as effective methods for the treatment of DID. With patient's support on treatment, nursing intervention may be effective method for the treatment of DID patient by developing longitudanal, individualized and multistaged effective care plan. Some studies on nursing therapy for DID patient show its potentiality for the treatment; however, further research is necessary to identify its effectiveness.

Alices Adventures in Wonderland: Hunger, Dominance, and Undesirability

Hunger, Dominance, and Undesirability Lewis Carroll’s fairy tale, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, written in 1865, fuels the stereotype of how girls are required to be petite, feminine, and submissive to men through Alice’s eating habits, the contrast between young Alice and older women characters, male control, and Alice’s behaviour at the end of the story. This influences the minds of young audience members who read Carroll’s work instills the idea that in order to be beautiful, a girl must control her desire to eat and never overpower the men they associate with.In Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, the author targets the importance of a woman’s size and how food consumption influences femininity and desirability. During the story, Alice is exposed to various situations involving food and beverages. Carroll’s first introduction on the emphasis on Alice’s size, is when she is falling down the rabbit ho le and she sees a jar labelled â€Å"Orange Marmalade†. When she grabs the jar, she finds that there is nothing inside. This is an early indication that unless Alice is instructed to satisfy her hunger,she must not indulge her desires or her level of perfection will decrease.Throughout the story, Alice is then exposed to bottles and foods that are labelled â€Å"Eat Me† or â€Å"Drink Me. † Without hesitation, she ingests the products with labels. Alice’s petiteness, and thus her beauty, come directly from her eating and drinking habits. Only when she is allowed to eat, does her body undergo positive Brewer 2 changes. These positive changes lead her to experience new adventures and improve her education, which is another noticeable attribute in the tale.Anna Helle-Valle and Per-Elinar Binder argue that â€Å"the body is central to self-experience† and to Alice, the size of her body determines what she is able to do and how she sees herself (Helle-V alle and Binder 4). The Caterpillar in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, offers insight into the ideal of size. The extreme changes in size damages one’s self identity. Alice shares her confusion with the Caterpillar during their first meeting: â€Å"I’m not myself, you see-being so many different sizes in a day is very confusing† (81).The Caterpillar forces her to say who she is, but because of her recent changes in size, she is not able to say who she believes herself to be. Size is critical to one’s understanding of the self, and Carroll’s Alice struggles with understanding that a small size is important. In a societal context, Alice represents what a girl should be: petite and feminine. However, she expresses her concern for her small size during a conversation with the Caterpillar. The Caterpillar is the male authoritarian figure in the section and is furious with her concern. He then informs Alice that three inches is, in fact, a †Å"good height to be† (84).The Caterpillar forces Alice to be comfortable with herself, for being any larger causes her to be less desirable to her new found dominant male figure. The Caterpillar’s statement offers no argument, and Alice’s perfect and submissive attitude cause her to listen to the dominant with no complaint. In Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is the idea that female sexuality consists of the importance of curiosity and politeness, and a submissive attitude: this is due to Carroll’s desires and the Victorian beliefs. In the story, Alice’s character is that of an ideal girl, and her curiosity often leads to find new and exciting ventures in Wonderland.The reason that Alice is able to experience Wonderland is because of her curious nature that led her to tumble down the rabbit Brewer 3 hole. Jennifer Geer contends that Alice’s manners, as well as the want to impress the creatures in Wonderland, comes from the moral implic ation of Victorian literature (Geer 2). The literature in the 1800s centers on politeness and manners, which Alice offers to all of the creatures and people in Wonderland. One of the most positive attributes that female sexuality should possess is a submissive female attitude.Through the fairy tale, mature female sexuality is portrayed as â€Å"frightening and destructive† (Garland 2). This is evident through the Queen of Hearts and her influence on the King of Heart’s behaviour. The Queen in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, is in direct opposition of Alice’s character. Where Alice is the ideal, polite and petite, the Queen is aggressive and large in stature. The ‘suit’ of hearts, that the Queen has cloaked herself in, is in no coincidence the colour red, for this is often associated with a tumultuous and confident sexuality.In Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, the colour red is given a negative connotation by the Queen’s negat ive attitude. She often thunders the expression â€Å"off with their head†, and Garland explains that this is the Queen’s desire of male castration (Garland 8). The dislike for female domination is evident in the literature of the time, as well as the ideas of Sigmund Freud. The Queen’s concern with castration would be comparable to the worry of female authority in society. The Queen, once again, expresses undesirability by her heavy weight and yearning for tarts.It affects her personality, and makes her become evil and arrogant, thus making her unwanted and a threat to male competence. Her desire for male subordination and ugly nature, is the author’s way to sway female readers to keep their aggressiveness at bay. An aggressive female not only creates shame for manhood, but does not correspond with the ideologies of those living in Mid-Victorian times when Carroll wrote Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. The effect of a dominant female is shown in the King of Hearts. The Queen of Brewer 4Hearts’ husband is constantly being forced to carry out her will and listen to her often violent demands. The King of Hearts, because of his treatment by the Queen, is weak and submissive and thus, has nothing to offer. The ideal for male dominance is expressed by the male superiors that control Alice. When she is instructed to take food or beverages, it is either done by no director or a male authoritarian figure. The King would never offer instruction to a female and simply just follows demands made by the Queen. In Mid-Victorian times, the latter was not acceptable behaviour.Geer claims that in the Victorian era, the adult world belongs to the male whereas a woman’s world should be entirely dedicated to motherhood (Geer 14). In Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Carroll chooses the Duchess to be the antagonist to this position. The Duchess is characterized as a mother who continually causes harm to her child due to her aggressive nature and desire to eat. She often brings food into situations where it is not applicable, and in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, it is directly linked to why she is a neglectful mother and horrible woman.The ideas that women lose their desirability and femininity when they are not submissive to their male counterparts and when their lives are not dedicated to the raising of a family are shown through the aggressive nature of the Queen and the Duchess, and ultimately Alice’s fall into barbaric womanhood. Throughout Carroll’s story, Alice is everything that a mature woman should be. She is polite, kind, submissive, and has control over her desire to eat. She would take direction from the Mouse, the Caterpillar, the Queen and the Duchess without hesitation.However, during the trial scene of the tale, her fate of womanhood is foreshadowed. During the trial, Alice begins to Brewer 5 take notice of the food that was in the jury room. She immediately beg ins to feel herself becoming larger. When her name was called to take the stand during the trial, the King politely informs Alice that she will not be able to take her seat due to her enlarged size. However, she refuses to entertain the meek King’s instruction. Alice continues to grow and becomes more arrogant and the Queen is forced to order her execution.In the beginning of the fairy tale, Alice is a petite and beautiful girl, but the desire for food turned her into a rude and undesirable woman. Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland not only is influenced by the beliefs of the people living in the Mid-Victorian era, but also by the belief that eating causes inferiority. In the twenty-first century, the image of beauty is causing women of all ages to be concerned with becoming large and undesirable, and Carroll’s story only encourages the overwhelming concern by idealizing petite Alice, creating a grotesque image of large women, and how male authori tarianism should control womanhood.Alice’s fall from grace as she grows larger reinstates that belief and influences readers that to be feminine, one must never become too large and forget the role that Carroll had wanted for women in society. Brewer 6 Work Cited Carroll, Lewis. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Sam’l Gabriel Sons and Company New York, 1916. Electronic. 02. Nov. 2012 Garland, Carina. â€Å"Curious Appetites: Food, Desire, Gender and Subjectivity in Lewis Carroll’s Alice Texts†. Lion and the Unicorn 32. 1 (2008): 22-39.Academic Search Premier. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Geer, Jennifer. â€Å"All Sorts of Pitfalls and Surprises: Competing Views of Idealized Girlhood in Lewis Carroll’s Alice Books. † Children’s Literature 31 (2003): 1-24. Professional Development Collection. Web. 30. Oct. 2012. Helle-Valle, Anna and Per-Elinar Binder. â€Å"In Wonderland: A Phenomenological, Developmental and Self Psychological Analysis of a Child’s Playful Encounter with a New Reality. † Nordic Psychology 61. 2 (2009): 16-28. PsycARTICLES. Web. 30. Oct. 2012.

The Importance of Accountability Essays

The Importance of Accountability Essays The Importance of Accountability Essay The Importance of Accountability Essay The Importance of Accountability is one of the basic principles that the U. S. Army engrains into its soldiers. From the moment they step out of the bus in basic training, a simple rule is told to soldiers so that they can be successful in their military careers. This rule is, â€Å"Be at the right place, at the right time, in the right uniform. † This is all for the purpose of accountability, which is extremely important because no mission can start without it. Any mission with which the unit is tasked from the very small to the gigantic starts with accountability. From preventive maintenance checks and services on Monday mornings, to cleaning the battery, to mowing the lawn, they all begin with taking accountability of the soldiers who are participating in the tasks. Accountability is defined as, â€Å"Obligation of an individual, firm, or institution to account for its activities, accept responsibility for them, and to disclose the results in a transparent manner. † The Army is an institution that is very much like a human body, and the soldiers are the veins in that body. In order for the body to operate at maximum efficiency it needs all its veins to be pumping at full capacity. Accountability is also important for other reasons. Every soldier in the unit, after they complete their day’s work goes to do their personal activities. Some live off- post, some in the barracks, others elsewhere on post. Regardless of where the soldier lives, they are always at risk. These risks could be anything: they could be robbed at a gas station, beat up at a club, their house could catch fire, or they could get into a car accident. The dangers are endless, but that does not change the fact that each soldier is the responsibility of the First Sargent and Commander in the unit and they are representatives of the Army. This is the reason behind accountability formations in the morning. Every soldier must report that they are safe and ready to continue working without any issues. It is so important that Personnel Data System reports are sent up daily reporting the whereabouts of every soldier, and every unit does the same procedures daily. It is a soldier’s responsibility to be present at and punctual to these formations for the above reasons. The importance and imperativeness of Accountability extends not only to showing up on time for formations, but also in our actions throughout the day. We are held responsible and accountable for every action or inaction we take in our jobs. For example, doing a bad job on a task affects not only one soldier, but everyone else involved. This basic rule teaches soldiers to take responsibility for their actions so that when they are down range and their actions can mean life or death in any given situation, they will be adequately prepared and know what is expected of them. In addition to being responsible for what we do in the tasks that we’re given, we are also responsible for doing the right thing even when nobody is around to correct our mistakes. We must always do the right thing, whether or not anyone is going to reprimand us. For instance, a soldier might think there is no harm in Facebooking while they are supposed to be working, but a disciplined individual would recognize that this is inappropriate behavior, even if it is not corrected by anyone else. Another solider might think it’s acceptable to slip out and take a nap in the bathroom because nobody is watching. Again, this soldier should know what is expected of them and that part of accountability is doing the right thing even when it interferes with what we want to do. Finally, to be unsuccessful in attending accountability formation shows that the soldier is irresponsible and/or has let his standards drop. These habits must be curbed to prevent the soldier from continuing on and making further mistakes and putting others, as well as himself, at risk in the future. Everybody slips up now and then, but it is important that those around us correct the bad habits we exhibit. We are soldiers, and we are professionals. If we can’t achieve perfect Accountability and responsibility for our actions when we are not at war, then what happens when we are? This reality is often forgotten by soldiers, because it is inconvenient. We are not, however, supposed to do what is convenient, we are supposed to do what is right.

Rich Media, Poor Democracy essays

Rich Media, Poor Democracy essays The increasing control of the U.S. media by corporations and wealthy private owners is a threat to the principles of democracy, particularly free speech and access to information. According to Gore Vidal (11), this concentration of media ownership by the wealthy makes information and education so tightly controlled that very little news about the actual U.S. situation ever gets through to consumers. Such a condition allows a handful of wealthy individuals to shape and control mass opinion in the U.S. One example is Rupert Murdochs FOX Network, which has been reluctant to disseminate any negative information about the Bush Administration or Iraq War. In his book Rich Media, Poor Democracy, Robert W. McChesney argues that this power to shape and control information and education has also led to other phenomena, like more campaign spending for negative TV ads in the face of a sharp decline in news coverage of political issues and campaigns. In his review of McChesneys book, Greg Thompson notes that the right to vote provides little actual control over the course of government. According to Thompson (14), This thin reed of democracy is all that separates the U.S. from being a political oligarchy. The control of the U.S. media by an increasingly concentrated group of wealthy individuals is a negative development for democracy. Future legislators need to impose controls on media ownership in order to give the right to unrestricted and comprehensive information and education back to U.S. citizens. If not, the media will lose all of its power as a check and balance on government. ...

10 Important Steps to Become a Travel Nurse

10 Important Steps to Become a Travel Nurse Want to be a nurse, but also want to travel? If you think that shorter term temporary jobs might be the best fit for your lifestyle and career, this might be a good field for you- and valuable work experience. If you think being a travel nurse is for you, here are ten steps to breaking into travel nursing.1. Get the educationStep one is getting the required education for the job. You’ll need a high school diploma or GED, plus completion of an accredited nursing program at the college level. In order to pass the required NCLEX exam, you’ll need at least an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) or an ASN, which you can get in 2-3 years. Though you might wish to bump it up to a full on Bachelor’s degree in Nursing (BSN), which more and more hospitals will start to require. If you’re short on time or funds, start with an Associate’s and move on if you need a BSN further down your path.2. Take the NCLEXYou’ll need to pass this exam before you proceed. This is required in order to qualify as an RN or licensed private nurse. The test is administered by the NCSBN.3. Get experienceYou’ll need hands-on nursing experience- usually a minimum of one year before a hospital will consider you for specialty jobs or assignments. That’s the bare minimum. Most places will ask for 2-3 years experience. Before choosing a specialty or a first job to acquire your much needed experience, consider the following most in demand specialties: ICU, ER, MS, MS/TELE, TELE, OR, LD, PACU, CVICU, Cath Lab, PEDS, PICU, NICU, Case Management, SDU, PCU, CVOR, PostPartum, Mother Baby, and Home Health. And if you want to travel, consider moving to one of the 24 states that honor the Nurse Licensure Compact. This will make sure your license is valid in whichever state you’re sent to work in. 24 possibilities!4. Figure out your tax situationYou’ll need to qualify for tax-free compensation by maintaining a legitimate tax home. Here are two valuable resources to help you learn just how to do that: Qualifying for Tax Free Stipends and Deductions As a Travel Nurse, andEverything Travel Nurses Need to Know about Taxes, Stipends and Tax-Free Money. Remember, if you don’t qualify for tax-free compensation, you will be asked to pay income taxes on that money at the end of every year.5. Figure out what you wantFigure out where you would (and wouldn’t) want to travel and which type of hospitals you’d most like to work in before you start applying. This will help you figure out which agencies to use to find your jobs.6. Figure out how much you want to makeDifferent agencies offer different packages and perks. Figure out which matter most to you: housing, travel stipend, benefits, 401k, rental cars, etc. Also make sure you have a solid understanding of how travel nursing pay packages are structured, as it’s very different from traditional salaried compensation. Make a strategy for how to compare diff erent pay packages before choosing. And make sure to do all this before you start applying.7. Start looking for agenciesOnce you know what you want, you’ll know which agencies can help you get it. There are services like Highway Hypodermics, or Travel Nursing Central that rate agencies’ success. You can also try a lead generator, a website that will connect you to â€Å"top agencies† by passing your information on to those agencies. But networking is also a good strategy. Ask your colleagues for referrals. And make sure to sign up for BluePipes, a professional networking site for healthcare pros. When you hear from an agency, make sure to ask the right questions about whether they can get you want you need before signing on.8. Make your profileEvery hospital will require an extensive application submission from you and your agency. Use BluePipes to tailor and control your submission profile and spare yourself some redundant paperwork.9. Get your papers togetherY ou’ll need to make sure all of your certifications and qualifications are up to date and ready to be delivered to a new employer STAT. Agencies will often help coordinate this- plus medical records- but it’s always a good idea to have your own set ready to go at all times. Never lose out on a job because of paperwork.10. Get hiredFinally it’s time to start submitting to jobs, preparing for interviews, signing contracts. Make sure to negotiate for what you need- and do some research into the peculiarities of travel healthcare compensation negotiation before you attempt this.Once you get your first gig, you’re well on your way! Congratulations, you’re a travel nurse.

Political and Symbolic Deaths, Struggles for Meaning and Survival Assignment

Political and Symbolic Deaths, Struggles for Meaning and Survival - Assignment Example The film depicts situational irony, wherein because of death anxiety, people want to assert life-affirming ideologies, and yet the more that they do so, the more that they end up hurting others and themselves when one of the best ways to handle it is to simply live and co-exist. Death anxiety shows that one of the greatest ironies in life is that the more people want to preserve life, the more they hurt others to do so. Some people become inhumane because of death anxiety, and they exhibit this through prejudice and discrimination (Flight from Death). Associate Professor of Social Work at Illinois State University Daniel Liechty asserts that to fight death anxiety, â€Å"One of easiest ways to make [people] feel more than mortal is to stand as the conqueror of someone else, so there’s this†¦tendency†¦to want to lift [themselves] up by elbowing people down† (Flight from Death). Prejudice and discrimination help people feel better and secure with their lives by believing that they are superior to others. McHugh shows the discrimination of the speaker of the poem against Germans: â€Å"where it must have been abandoned by/the German visitor (was there a bus of them?)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (27-28). ... Flight from Death emphasizes that when people fear death, they tend to overgeneralize people. Jeff Greenberg, Psychology Professor of the University of Arizona, notes that after 9/11, a number of people are so deeply disturbed of being reminded of their death that they killed a man wearing a turban when he was an Indian Sikh (Flight from Death). He stresses that because of the heightened reminder of death, several people resort to scapegoating and generalization (Flight from Death). The makkoli vendor in Krukowski’s story detests the generalization. In the end, he does something symbolic: â€Å"[He] pours the white liquid into a paper cup, eyes locked with ours. Still smiling, he pours it on the ground† (Krukowski 9). The action signifies that he does not care what he is selling because his occupation does not define his existence. When a group of people sees another as different, they fear death that come from clashing ideologies, so they denigrate the other as inferio r. Another way of hurting others is through competing with them in a rat race culture. Sheldon Solomon, a Professor of Social Psychology at Skidmore College, says that the American culture perpetuates death anxiety, even more through its various social expectations. He notes that it is not enough to be a person with integrity because they must also be rich, beautiful, famous, or extremely thin (Flight from Death). Otherwise, they are more likely to feel wanting in the world and more anxious about their mortality (Flight from Death). Krukowski exemplifies competitiveness in the real world that drives people’s fortunes: â€Å"Clue to the power of silent movies: Clara Bow’s career was ruined when sound revealed her heavy Brooklyn accent.  

Great Gatsby Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Great Gatsby - Research Paper Example The American dream of earning money for a decent life was violated by Gatsby as he used his money casually to throw extravagant parties to impress Daisy. He refused to come out of his past and believed that Daisy has always loved only him and not her husband. This novel depicts the violation of American dream in the 1920s through the character of Gatsby. He grew up in poverty and reached a life of opulence with a huge house, car and servants. With his self acquired wealth and social status he could develop in himself a completely different personality from his unprivileged past. The wealthy Americans of 1920s are signified by Gatsby who flaunts his money extravagantly as was depicted by his lavish parties. In the beginning of his life, Gatsby could represent American dream because like any other American he took nurtured the dream of earning money. Later in life, he differs from the other newly rich Americans in a way that he earned his money in dishonorable ways. The main idea of Am erican dream is to earn money through hard work and Gatsby failed to do so. In order to earn the love of Daisy, he obtained big house, car and other material possessions. American dream is an idea of pursuing happiness and this was violated by Gatsby as he pursued mere wealth. Gatsby depicts a character who used to harbor mythicised dreams of achievement and success that can be gained with money. He had the endless desire of going back to the past by craving for Daisy whom he almost married in the past. America’s multiple identities are shown in the character Gatsby. American culture believes in recreating by setting alongside any doubts about the... This novel depicts the violation of American dream in the 1920s through the character of Gatsby. He grew up in poverty and reached a life of opulence with a huge house, car and servants. With his self-acquired wealth and social status, he could develop in himself a completely different personality from his unprivileged past. The wealthy Americans of the 1920s are signified by Gatsby who flaunts his money extravagantly as was depicted by his lavish parties. In the beginning of his life, Gatsby could represent American dream because like any other American he took nurtured the dream of earning money. Later in life, he differs from the other newly rich Americans in a way that he earned his money in dishonorable ways. The main idea of the American dream is to earn money through hard work and Gatsby failed to do so. In order to earn the love of Daisy, he obtained big house, car, and other material possessions. The American dream is an idea of pursuing happiness and this was violated by Ga tsby as he pursued mere wealth. Gatsby depicts a character who used to harbor mythicised dreams of achievement and success that can be gained with money. He had the endless desire of going back to the past by craving for Daisy whom he almost married in the past. America’s multiple identities are shown in the character Gatsby. American culture believes in recreating by setting alongside any doubts about the reality of such a concept.

Curriculum design and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Curriculum design and development - Essay Example It must be designed to meet specific goals that are evaluated towards setting a concrete foundation in knowledge, skills, understanding and values in all fields of work2. This document provides a proposal of changes and addition of some new information to the MAF of Orthodontic Therapy training. The new changes are meant to cater for new developments in technology and incorporate research based proven techniques that work to develop learners with capability of meeting the diversity seen in the current job market. As seen from the module descriptor, the MAF does not incorporate a relationship with any other module in the field of education. This means the entire course is just taught based on knowledge applied in the field without the consideration of other important courses that can add value to the professionalism of a student. The course descriptor lacks the element of diversity that is highly required in the current society that demands more than skills from individuals3. As seen from among the aims of the paper, the training offered aims to train individuals ready to accept professionalism through appreciating responsibility for contribution to high quality and effective care. However, the descriptor does not provide any measures to ensure that this aim is met. Relationship with other Modules In the proposed new model, there is proposal to create a relationship between this course and the study of professionalism and ethics. The expectations of the society are constantly changing and this necessitates that learners are subjected to a wide set of adaptive skills and values that will guide them to meeting these changing expectations. The integration of teaching ethics and codes of conduct will help students develop professional responsibility in all that they do4. By knowing the expectations of the people they will be serving, they will be able handle the needs of the people dependent on them such as pain management. Basically, a good curriculum should includ e the development of ethical behaviors among the trainees. This involves the willingness, capacity and determination to think and make judgments that will work for the good of the people they serve5. This will not be instilled through experience but needs to be incorporated in the curriculum design of the module of the institution for students to understand and act in accordance to ethical and moral principles6. This is the reason for proposing the inclusion of a relationship between Orthodontic training and Professional Ethics as relates to the field. A link must be created between this two learning areas to ensure students develop competency as they learn technical skills. Aims The aims of the course have been modified to incorporate the strategy of group work. This should be incorporated into the MAF to drive teaching and learning towards a cooperative learning system. This system of teaching will encourage small groups of students to work together in order to achieve a common go al. The curriculum must ensure to incorporate both the student and the faculty in the process of learning and sharing knowledge as this will prepare the students to doing the same in the future7. Knowledge sharing is an important aspect in the job field as it ensures the creation and distribution of new knowledge and this eventually helps ensure higher performance8. The instructors must understand how

Analysis of qualitative research article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis of qualitative research article - Essay Example Inappropriate assessment of patients by nurses may result in high incidences of suicide. Both qualitative and quantitative assessment methods are available for use and the method used may be depend on the setting. Purpose The purpose of the research was to understand how nurses conceptualize suicide among patients in addition to the strategies they use in the process of assessment. Due to the emerging trends in suicide assessment inappropriate assessment might fail to pick potential suicide patients. Research design and research tradition The traditional phenomenography which analyses the different ways in which people experience, conceptualize, identify, and familiarize themselves with various aspects of phenomena in the world around them was used in this study. This method is frequently used in health care research and was utilized in an inductive, qualitative and descriptive approach to help understand the conceptualizations of suicide by psychiatric nurses and the strategies that psychiatric nurses utilize when conducting a suicide evaluation. Sampling A convenience/snowball sampling method was utilized in the study to recruit six psychiatric-mental health nurse participants for the ten months study period. The participants were obtained from two advanced practice nurses agencies in different psychiatric settings and different Northeastern states with the help of nurse managers. One of the settings chosen was a psychiatric hospital's emergency assessment unit while the other was an inpatient psychiatric unit of a general hospital. Five of the six participating nurses were females with four of them having more than 15 years experience while the fifth had nine months experience as a psychiatric mental health nurse and more than five years experience as a mental health worker. The sixth participant was a male nurse with more than 15 years experience. All the participants were white with one having a master’s degree in nursing, three with bachelorâ€℠¢s degree and two with associate degrees in nursing. Data collection The research methods used for data collection were approved by the University of Rhode Island’s Institutional Review Board. Before data collection began consent was sought from both the participating nurses and the patients. The inclusion criteria for the patients included more than 18 years of age, ability to understand and speak English in addition to giving informed consent. The patients were also informed that their participation or non participation in the research would not affect the care they received from the institution. The data in this study was mainly obtained through interviews with the psychiatric nurses after suicide assessment of adult patients. The assessment sessions varied from between 15 minutes to one and a half hours among different patients. The interviews with the psychiatric nurses were recorded in a private room and were guided by a few questions. The nurses were however allowed to express their perceptions, in a clear and systematic manner, of how they conceptualize suicide and the strategies they use in the suicide assessment process. In a bid to obtain as much information and as possible the participating nurses were encouraged to think out aloud, deliberate, and even to pause before answering the questions if they need to. All the participating

The Lincoln Assasination Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Lincoln Assasination - Research Paper Example Lincoln entered the books of record as the first American president to be assassinated. The assassination was planned and carried out by a famous actor known as John Wilkes Booth who had all along been a sympathizer of the Confederates. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln had a long-lasting impact on the entire nation of the United States and indeed the entire world. He was largely mourned in both the North and the South. It is reported that a number of attacks took place in many cities and states against all those who expressed their unwavering support for the assassin. Since it took place at the time of Easter celebrations, many clergy all over the country showered praises for the fallen hero of the Union and indeed the entire nation. The funeral procession that was held on 19th of April in 1865 in Washington, D.C was attended by millions of people (Turner, 023-046). The body was moved to many places in the United States until it finally arrived in Springfield, Illinois. Americans were s used to the style of leadership of Abraham Lincoln that embraced dialogue and inclusiveness that it became difficult to get used to another approach to leadership. As a result, his successor, Andrew Johnson could not stay for lo ng as the president of the nation before he was impeached by the house. The end of the Civil War saw the emergence of a very radical group that controlled the Congress who were commonly referred to as the â€Å"Radical Republicans.† Abraham Lincoln was in a better position to control this radical group of representatives. He came up with a detailed plan to help in the reconstruction and the plan included the consideration of the South as a lost brother who was in the process of returning home hence needed to be welcomed. He had the view of reconstruction as one that was to bring healing and rebuilding of the lost trust between the North and the South while the Radical Republicans considered this time as the best moment to punish and teach the

Cusstom of The Country by Edith Wharton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cusstom of The Country by Edith Wharton - Essay Example The force and power of Wharton's words is felt throughout the book. In the last chapter, Paul Marvell, home for Easter, finds himself completely alone in the huge 'museum-like' hotel that is to be his home. The descriptions of the rooms with their empty splendor and that of the library with its untouched volumes, is gripping. The reader cannot miss the empathy that Paul feels with Vandyke's Grey Boy with his face "infinitely noble and charming, and yet (in spite of the dog) so sad and lonely that he too might have come home that very day to a strange house in which none of his old things could be found" (Chapter 46). With a few well chosen adjectives and phrases - "the white fur rugs and brocade chairs seemed maliciously on the watch for smears and ink-spots" (Chapter 46), "none of the new servants--they were always new" (Chapter 46), "massive unused inkstands and immense immaculate blotters; not a single volume had slipped its golden prison" (Chapter 46), Wharton has made the very l oneliness the boy feels to emanate from the book and grip the reader. In the scene where the Spragg family gathers for breakfast, Wharton describes the settings superbly.

The Lincoln Assasination Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Lincoln Assasination - Research Paper Example Lincoln entered the books of record as the first American president to be assassinated. The assassination was planned and carried out by a famous actor known as John Wilkes Booth who had all along been a sympathizer of the Confederates. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln had a long-lasting impact on the entire nation of the United States and indeed the entire world. He was largely mourned in both the North and the South. It is reported that a number of attacks took place in many cities and states against all those who expressed their unwavering support for the assassin. Since it took place at the time of Easter celebrations, many clergy all over the country showered praises for the fallen hero of the Union and indeed the entire nation. The funeral procession that was held on 19th of April in 1865 in Washington, D.C was attended by millions of people (Turner, 023-046). The body was moved to many places in the United States until it finally arrived in Springfield, Illinois. Americans were s used to the style of leadership of Abraham Lincoln that embraced dialogue and inclusiveness that it became difficult to get used to another approach to leadership. As a result, his successor, Andrew Johnson could not stay for lo ng as the president of the nation before he was impeached by the house. The end of the Civil War saw the emergence of a very radical group that controlled the Congress who were commonly referred to as the â€Å"Radical Republicans.† Abraham Lincoln was in a better position to control this radical group of representatives. He came up with a detailed plan to help in the reconstruction and the plan included the consideration of the South as a lost brother who was in the process of returning home hence needed to be welcomed. He had the view of reconstruction as one that was to bring healing and rebuilding of the lost trust between the North and the South while the Radical Republicans considered this time as the best moment to punish and teach the

Adam Smith the Father of Modern Economics Essay Example for Free

Adam Smith the Father of Modern Economics Essay The article, Adam Smith and the Invisible Hand by Helen Joyce, proved to be interesting reading. Although it was written about three years ago and the man himself lived more than 300 years ago, the man and his theories live on through the 21st century. Before I read the article, I had never heard of Adam Smith, but it appears his ideas have penetrated time. I started doing more research into the man and his theories. In order to understand his theories and how he thought about processes, one must understand his beginnings. Adam Smith was born in Scotland. He attended Glasgow University then Oxford University. It was his experience in this stay at Oxford that was the basis for the vital observations about universities found in The Wealth of Nations. He was selected as the Professor of Logic at Glasgow and later, Professor of Moral Philosophy. He lectured on spirituality, moral principles and political economy. His first book The Theory of Moral Sentiments established his status. He sought to understand what it was that led us to care about the welfare of others. With that book complete, he gave less attention to his theories of morals and more to political economy. Later, he made the decision to give up his university post by becoming a tutor to the Duke of Buccleuch. They traveled mainly in France, where Smith came to know many of the intellectual leaders of the country. He began a dissertation on economics. It was published as The Wealth of Nations, and on this work rests the ongoing acknowledgement of him as the father of economics. He had very provocative ideas in the book. It was a work that altered the world of economics. Many say it reformed the world itself. He asserts that wealth is steadily created by rising labor output through two key factors (1) the division of labor, encouraged by trade the natural propensity to truck, barter and exchange and also (2) the growth of capital, made possible by the natural inclination of people toward thriftiness. For example, Smith alleged that a system of natural liberty allowed the self-interest of the person to be attached for the good of society, through what he called the â€Å"division of labor and the accumulation of capital. He argued that the free market is an clever device which regulates itself through supply and demand. His purpose was pretty clear: not to advance the interests of any class, but to push the wealth of the entire country. Whatever a nation consumes must be either produced from its labor or purchased in trade. There is no other basis for spending or a standard of living. He assumed that, in fiscal life, the main inspiring force central to man’s actions was self-interest. He argued that, with the right institutional frame, men following their own self -interest would serve the general good. This framework did not call for wide government law. The best plan is to leave the fiscal method alone. This has come to be known as free enterprise. Largely through his book, these principles helped to guide the then rapidly increasing economic activity. And wealth, as he saw it, consisted of goods which all people could consume. This was a democratic; and for that time, radical principle that he adhered to with notable stability. He produced a document that he expected to be used in the conduct of governments. The book presents a persuasive argument for a new approach to economic policy. Smith offered future economists with the makeup of the discipline of economics. His vision of a competitive market balance following a path of growth to wealth and abundance defined the problems that economists have wrestled with ever since His purely scientific contribution has been vast, and in its basic structure his framework still remains the heart of modern economics. On one level, it is an attack on the opinions of his people written for its own time and directed against the existing policies of government. On another level, it is an optimistic thesis that deals with basic troubles of order in human society It is an enthralling mix of ideas. In the most radical age of Western culture, when the uproar of social and intellectual upheaval puzzled lesser men, Adam Smith gave the world order. He did not invent the market or economics. He taught the world about them. For nearly 75 years, his writings supplied most of what economists knew. If there are more people per the amount of GDP, the standard of living is lower. If there are fewer people, it is higher. The GDP per capita the measure of the wealth of the nation is the product of the amount of labor productivity of that nation. The available land or other natural resources is not a decisive factor. He provided the root details of what causes labor productivity to be high or low in a nation. The theme of the book is explaining how labor productivity is resolute by the extent of the division of labor the dividing of work into a much greater number of parts. When the market is very small, when the population density is sparse, it is impossible to achieve much in the way of a division of labor. The more people that could crowd into a place, the greater the amount of specialization among occupations and the greater the marginal productivity, rather than the lesser. There is still controversy about Adam Smith and his account on the invisible hand. Simply put the invisible hand is a notion based on the law of chance. Every person intends only his or her own gain, but though a set of policies that he referred to as the system of natural liberty the good of the nation would be the accidental result. His â€Å"invisible hand is the new method of social life. He described the invisible hand in this way: Individuals naturally intend only their own gain, but unintentionally promote the general interest. He also suggests that ethics is based on sentiment, feelings of empathy between us and other people. He wrote consider how others would fairly judge their behavior before acting on matters that would involve conscience or moral judgment. The best course toward wealth and away from poverty and want is for a nations political rulers to allow for the unplanned result of self-interest, of private property rights, and of self-regulating rivalry under rules of free trade. As the economy globalizes, corporations flourish, and as societies agonize over which issues to settle according to the principles of right and wrong and which to settle according to economic principles. We see the tension between choosing to adhere to the ancient values of tradition, honor and command, or to the modern values of the business firm and the marketplace. The future global economy will tell if the invisible hand is a principle to rely on now and in the future. Though he passed away in 1790 his ideas have surely helped shape the way economists around the globe think, globally.

Hospital Management In Nepal Health And Social Care Essay

Hospital Management In Nepal Health And Social Care Essay There is no internationally accepted clear definition for hospital. There are several types of hospitals based on the facilities, equipments and services, i.e. district hospitals, provincial hospitals, speciality hospitals and referral hospitals, teaching University hospitals and other types of health care facilities. There is no international standard defining what should be the minimum services that each hospital should provide during a health crisis. Each country has to develop a national policy and technical guidelines to deal with a health crisis. Before defining the essential services, the ministry of health has to define the essential health services that the health sector will provide to the community to the community in order to identify what more specific services will be delivered by hospitals (WHO, 2009). Management is defined as the organization and coordination of the activities of an enterprise in accordance with certain policies and in achievement of defined objectives. Management is included as a factor of production along with machines, materials and money. Renowned guru of management Peter Drucker (19909-2005) has said that the basic task of management is two fold: marketing and innovation. Practice of modern management owes its origin to the 16th century enquiry into low efficiency and failures of certain enterprises, conducted by the English statesman Sir. Thomas Moore (1478-1535). As a discipline, management consists of the interlocking services of formulating corporate policy6 and organizing, planning, controlling and directing an organizations resources to achieve the policies objectives (Walden University, 2011).Hospital managenmnet.net suggests that Hospital Management provides a direct link between healthcare facilities and those supplying the services they need ( Hospi tal management.net 2011) . WHO in 2009 suggests understanding by hospital management as the effective and combined management of, the following factors:- (a) Acute care for emergency patients; (b) Out Patient Department (OPD) activities; (c) Investigation (laboratory; X-ray; other diagnostic elements); (d) Referral for primary health care (PHC); specialized consultations or services; (e) Contribution to public health programmes; (f) Part of health information system (surveillance system, including a EWS Component); (g) Public information and education; and (h) Preparedness for health crisis management. . Nepal is a landlocked country which is mostly covered by hills and mountains and it has a population of 25.8 million as estimated in 2006. It is in the south Asian continent, north to India and south to China. Its area is 147,181 sq. km (WHO, 2007). It has been facing several challenges to establish a functional health management system (Thapa, 2010). This essay deals with the challenges which Nepali health system is facing at present and suggests the possible ways for its improvement. Statement of the problem Nepals health system is in transition. Nepal is an underdeveloped country where the health indicators are very poor. The health service facility is not adequate to Nepali people. So the hospitals are (Dixit, 2005). Nepals hospital bed per ten thousand populations is 4.26 (2001/02), physician per ten thousand populations is 2 and Nurses per ten thousand population is also 2 as per the data of 2004 Similarly, Total Expenditure on Health (THE) as % of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 5.3% and Public Expenditure on Health (PHE) as % of Total Expenditure on Health (THE) is 28 while Private Expenditure on Health (PvtHE) as % of Total Expenditure on Health (THE) 72(WHO, 2007). If it is compared with the other developing countries in the same region i.e. south east Asian region, the level of the problem may be perceived. Maldives, a small tiny country with population 298 thousand has Total Expenditure on Health (THE) as % of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 6.2. Maldives Public Expenditure on Health (PHE) as % of Total Expenditure on Health (THE) is 89 as compared with 28 of Nepal. Private Expenditure on Health (PvtHE) as % of Total Expenditure on Health (THE) in Maldives is 11. It shows that the state has better involvement in Maldives than in Nepal. More over, the population per hospital bed is 381, which are 26.2 hospital beds per 10000 populations. Similarly, number of populations per physician 959 and nurses per 10000 populations are 33 (WHO, 2007). It clearly shows the scenario of health development of Nepal. As part of health, curative health services have a major role in providing quality health service to the people. Until the health care provider organizations are strong, the curative health service can not be delivered to the beneficiaries properly (Edelman and Mandle 2006). Hospitals are the key component of health care delivery system and they needs to be reformed to ensure a quality health care system (McKay and Healy, 2000).Unfortunately the hospitals in Nepal have very poor in quality management and they are not able to deliver quality health services to the people (Dixit, 2005). To address the needs and requirement of the hospital, the government of Nepal ( GON), Ministry of Health and Population ( MOHP) has published The guideline on the establishment, Operation policy and standard and infrastructure for Private and Public Health Hospitals in 2004 ( MOHP,2004). But it is still lacking in the formulation of the standard for the hospitals run by the government (Dixit, 2005). However, the policy published by the MOHP tries to clarify on the basic parameters of the infrastructures required for the hospitals which may be applied for the general hospitals as well. But the document does not speak about the application in the government run hospitals (MOHP, 2004). That is why; there is a lack of clear cut guideline for the management of hospital. Nepals health sector is facing a challenge regarding the management (Dixit, 2005). As part of whole system of health in the country, management of the hospitals is also a challenge. 1.2 Summary of the problem Nepal has set a target to achieve the millennium Development goals by 2015. It has to meet the target in all health indicators. Goal no 3 and 4 are c loosely related with health and as part of curative health, hospital and hospital management have crucial role in health promotion. In Nepalese context, hospital management skill and concept of hospital management is still beyond the priority of the government and the government still does not have any policy guidelines over the hospital management sector (Dixit, 2005). People skill is a key asset for the development of key management styles. Dealing the people is a professional skill in itself. Being able to see from the perspective of others is essential, and caring for their welfare is also of prime importance. There are many high-profile examples of how to develop a successful management style. Managers like Bill Gates and Warren Buffett have famously developed their own distinctive management style from which others can learn. However, the fact that the two examples are very different management styles shows that there is no single route to success (Bono and Hellers, 2009). But unfortunately, there are no clear guidelines or policy found in the government documents. The recent document on the guideline on the requirement of a hospital, government does not speak about the hospital management, its skill development and transfer for the improvement of a hospital (MOHP, 2004). Lack of professional skill in the person responsible to manage the hospitals has created a problem in hospital management. The government run or supervised hospitals still do not have positions for the hospitals. MOHP in its policy document has not mentioned anything about the hospital managers (MOHP, 2004). However, the private hospitals have started hiring them which is still out of the government policy (Thapa, 2010). Nepal is a underdeveloped country where the literacy rate is only 62.7% for male and 34.9% for female as per the report of census 2001 (CBS, 2001). It means still 64.1% women are out of literacy coverage. Nepal has poor health facilities all over the country except in capital Kathmandu and other urban areas. Most of the doctors are not willing to go to the rural areas hospitals and they are often running without (qualified) doctors (Dixit, 2005). In conclusion, the poor socio-economic conditions, hard geographical conditions and lack of awareness of the people and traditional beliefs and superstitions, lack of will in the political parties and their leaders are the main burning issues for the improvement of health sector in Nepal (Chaulagain, 2004). These all are problems associated with the hospitals and ultimately with their management. The factors associated to hospital management are still not uncovered in Nepal (Thapa, 2010). So, it Purpose of the study As mentioned above, it has been obvious that Nepal is facing the problems to strengthen the management of the health sector. The documents are not found to have been lacking regarding the strategies and policies on the health management. So, the essay aims to identify the hindering factors affecting the hospital management in Nepal. It will study the existing policies and strategies of the government of Nepal on hospital management, international principles, theories and practices on hospital management and identify the factors which are affecting the betterment for hospital management sector of Nepal. So, the purpose of the study is to identify the current issues that hinder the hospital management in the case of Nepal and suggest the concerning authorities about improving the management system, formulating the policies and implementing them. It will analyse the strength and limitations of the hospital management system in Nepal and help all the concerned to mitigate and minimize them. Main research question The study can not answer all questions that come on surface while studying about the issue. So, to narrow down the study area and sharpen the focus, the study has defined the main study questions as follows:- What are the hindering factors that effect the hospital management in Nepal? Subsidiary Questions To supplement the main research question, these questions are defined as subsidiary questions as follows:- What are the existing strong aspects of the hospital management in Nepal? What are the limiting factors in hospital management in Nepal? How is the existing hospital management system in Nepal? What is the appropriate modality or best practices of hospital management that are applied in the world by other countries and What are the factors that are hindering the in the betterment in the hospital management in Nepal? Hypothesis Lindsen and Jong (2005) have defined hypothesis as an alternative explanation of residual switch trial costs or, more precisely, of the empirical finding that the repetition trial (RT) distribution for switch trials with a long preparation intervals can be modelled as a mixture of the RT distributions for repetition trials and for switch trials with a short preparation interval (Lindsen and Jong, 2010). In here, the hypothesis tries to establish an alternative factor that might be supposed to be the commonest hindering factor for the management of hospitals in Nepal. The hypothesis taken here is the lack of professionalization of hospital managers or the person who are involved in the management of either government run or private or community run hospitals in Nepal. It will be verified by the study afterwards in here. Significance of Study As mentioned above there are no special policies and practices established for hospital management in Nepal. The hospitals are managed by the medical doctors or surgeons so far (MOHP, 2004). The doctors are not entitled to diagnose the patients, treat them, run medical and surgical and public health cams campaigns in the hospitals or in the periphery of the hospitals. The Medical council is liable to assign the job responsibilities of the doctors in the case of Nepal. But it has not mentioned about the management part of the hospital and its regulation, Nepal Medical Council Act, 1964 (amended in 2001).It does not speak who is responsible for that (Nepal Medical Council, NMC, 2001). There is no one professionally responsible for the hospital management in the present context. In the country where the government policy about the medical sector does not speak about the role of hospital management, it becomes obvious that the hospital management sector is not running smoothly. No presen ce of the monitoring body to supervise and evaluate the hospital management is found in the present documents whether published by the government or private organizations. So, the studies significance is in establishing the fact what is the main barrier and other minor barriers in the hospital management of Nepal. That is why this study is has an important significance.

Guy Debords The Society of the Spectacle :: Debord Society of the Spectacle Essays

Guy Debord's The Society of the Spectacle    For decades, Guy Debord's The Society of the Spectacle was only available in English in a so-called "pirate" edition published by Black & Red, and its informative, perhaps essential, critique of modern society languished in the sort of obscurity familiar to      political radicals and the avant-garde. Originally published in France in 1967, it rarely receives more than passing mention in some of the fields most heavily influenced by its ideasÑmedia studies, social theory, economics, and political science. A new    translation by Donald Nicholson-Smith issued by Zone Books last year, however, may finally bring about some well-deserved recognition to the recently-deceased Debord. Society of the Spectacle has been called "the Capital of the new generation," and the co    mparison bears investigation. DebordÕs intention was to provide a comprehensive critique of the social and political manifestations of modern forms of production, and the analysis he offered in 1967 is as authoritative now as it was then. Comprised of nin    e chapters broken into a total of 221 theses, Society of the Spectacle tends toward the succinct in its proclamations, favoring polemically poetic ambiguities over the vacuous detail of purely analytical discourse. There is, however, no shortage of justif    ication for its radical claims. Hegel finds his place, Marx finds acclaim and criticism, Lenin and Rosa Luxemburg add their contributions, and DebordÕs own insights are convincingly argued. It becomes evident quite quickly that Debord has done his homewor    kÑSociety of the Spectacle is no art manifesto in need of historical or theoretical basis. DebordÕs provocations are supported where others would have failed. The first chapter, "Separation Perfected," contains the fundamental assertions on which much of    DebordÕs influence rests, and the very first thesis, that    the whole of life of those societies in which modern conditions of production prevail presents itself as an immense accumulation of spectacles.   All that was once directly lived has become mere representation. establishes DebordÕs judgment; the rest attempt to explain it, and to elaborate on the need for a practical and revolutionary resistance.    By far DebordÕs most famous work, Society of the Spectacle lies somewhere between a provocative manifesto and a scholarly analysis of modern politics. It remains among those books which fall under the rubric of "oft quoted, rarely read"Ñexcept that few ca

Adhoc Networks Essay -- essays research papers

Reliable Broadcasting in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks ABSTRACT In a mobile ad-hoc network, providing a reliable broadcast is one of the most important requirements. In broadcasting, a source node sends a message to all the other nodes in the network. Broadcasting operation is expected to be executed more frequently in mobile ad-hoc networks MANETs. So the number of retransmissions in the broadcast has to be minimized. The reliable broadcast service ensures that all the hosts in the network deliver the same set of messages to the upper layer. The protocols that are used in wired networks are unsuitable for deployment on MANETs, as these do not take into account the node mobility, network load and congestion. There have been a lot of protocols which are proposed for reliable broadcasting in MANETs. A straight forward way is by Simple Flooding [1, 2] which is very costly and very inefficient. The other protocols are Probability based methods [3], Area Based Methods [3] and Neighbor Knowledge Methods [4, 5, 6 and 7]. Also, efficiency and reliability conflict with each other. Hence it is hard to achieve both at a time with just one scheme. This paper will aim at proposing improvements for reliable broadcasting in MANETs. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  INTRODUCTION The drastic improvements in the wireless communications and portable wireless devices have made mobile computing a reality. Recently, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) has attracted a lot of attention and research. MANETs are made of a group of independent mobile hosts which communicate with each other. A mobile host may not be able to communicate directly with all the other hosts. So, the packets traverse various intermediate nodes before reaching the destination. All the nodes in the network assist in routing. The ad-hoc networks are created dynamically on the fly. The hosts are allowed to move around in the network. Routing protocols in ad-hoc networks should provide means to deliver packets to destination nodes given these dynamic topologies. Applications of MANETs occur in battle-fields, major disaster and some business environments where networks need to be deployed immediately without any base stations or fixed networks. Broadcasting is process by which a source node sends a message to all the other nodes in the entire network. Broadcasting operation is expected to be exe... ...-aodv-02.txt [11] LANMAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Standard 802.11-1997, Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications (November 1997). [12] S. Ni, Y. Tseng, Y. Chen, and J. Sheu, â€Å"The broadcast storm problem in a mobile ad hoc network,† Proc. of ACM/IEEE MOBICOM’99, pp. 151–162, Aug. 1999. [13] M. Impett, M. S. Corson, and V. Park, â€Å"A receiver-oriented approach to reliable broadcast ad hoc networks,† Proc. of Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC’2000), vol. 1, pp. 117–122, 2000. [14] W. Peng and X. Lu. On the reduction of broadcast redundancy in mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of MOBIHOC, 2000. [15] W. Peng and X. Lu. Efficient broadcast in mobile ad hoc networks using connected dominating sets. Journal of Software - Beijing, China, 1999. [16] S. Y. Cho, J. H. Sin, B. I. Mun. Reliable broadcast scheme initiated by receiver in ad hoc networks. LCN '03. Proceedings. 28th Annual IEEE International Conference on 20-24 Oct. 2003 Page(s):281 – 282. [17] W. Lou and J. Wu. Double-covered broadcast (DCB): A simple reliable broadcast algorithm in manets. In IEEE Infocom, 2004.

Chilean Mine Collapse

Chilean mine collapse George Montenegro BCOM/275 March 24, 2013 Allen Sutton Resource: â€Å"Over 30 Workers Trapped After Chilean Copper Mine Collapse† article found in the Electronic Reserve Readings. Research additional articles and information about the Chilean mine collapse. There are two parts to the assignment, as detailed below. Part 1: Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper using this and other articles as a resource. Because communications must be designed with the audience in mind, answer the following questions in your paper:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What are some considerations to remember given the different roles and people in the audience? o  Ã‚  Ã‚   What would be the potential needs of the families of the miners in receiving a message about this incident? o  Ã‚  Ã‚   What would be the potential needs of the company’s employees when receiving a message about this incident? ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What actions must you take before and aft er the message is delivered to ensure that it was received as intended? Part 2: Draft two written communications from the mining company announcing the accident, using what you have learned about the audience and effective messages.One communication should be directed to the families of the trapped miners; and the other as an internal news release to employees in the company. For both, identify the most appropriate channel—face-to-face, e-mail, video, memo, and so on. Submit one consolidated MS Word paper encompassing Part 1 and Part 2 of the assignment. Clearly identify Part 1, and Part 2, in the consolidated document. Format the document consistent with APA guidelines. Post the assignment to Assignments link

Sri Lanka Tourism

Tourists Return to Paradise Isle a Year After War’s End By Amantha Perera COLOMBO, May 17, 2010 (IPS) – A year since Sri Lanka’s bloody civil war ended on May 18 last year, tourists are returning in huge numbers to a popular beach destination located over 300 kilometres from where the last battles were fought. Nowhere is the relief at the end of fighting more tangible than on the beautiful beaches of Hikkaduwa, south of the capital Colombo.The war against the secessionist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, fighting for a separate state for the minority Tamils, cost over 70,000 lives in over two and half decades and sent over 280,000 fleeing for their lives in its final phase. Hikkaduwa, famous for its coral reef, sandy beaches and swanky hotels, is on the rebound. Visitors who abandoned the sun and the beach when bombs started going off have begun to return. The best days may be still ahead of this famous tourist destination south of the capital Colombo. Already, it is bracing itself for huge arrivals during the next European winter season.Arrivals grew by an impressive 50 percent or an increase to 160,000 from 106,000 in the first quarter of 2010, compared to 2009, according to the Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority, the government agency that monitors tourist arrivals. This year, the island known for its scenic beauty expects over half a million tourist arrivals, making 2010 one of the best seasons in the last half a decade. â€Å"We saw very good arrival rates this season (between November 2009 and April 2010),† Siri Goonewardene, president of the Hikkaduwa Hoteliers’ Association, told IPS. With the war no more, travellers feel safer visiting here and there were no unexpected security-related incidents that would have driven them away. † The general manager of Coral Sands, a 75-room luxury hotel on the Hikkaduwa beach, expects better results later this year when the next winter season starts. â€Å"The bookings h ave been good. If the trend continues the next season will be definitely better than this one,† says Goonewardene.He adds that operators expect about a 50 percent growth in arrivals next season. The upbeat assessment is shared by operators who run smaller hotels and restaurants and others who depend on the tourist trade. This season was good. We had a high number of visitors,† says Dhammika Silva, who runs a small hotel at Mirissa, a cove-like beach south of Hikkaduwa. He depends on individual tourists who visit the Mirissa area as his business is too small to tie up with tour operators. â€Å"I needed more people on the beach having a good time to make ends meet. This time it happened. † The same is true of Nimal, who sells traditional woodcarvings from a small shop near the beach. â€Å"We had a very good season. I made some good sales,† adds Nimal, who simply identified himself by his first name.These hopes for a bumper tourist season are a far cry from the beach operators’ downcast mood less than 18 months back. With the war raging in the north, by the time the winter season began in November 2008, arrivals were sliding. With earnings going down, in 2008, tourism fell to number six in the country’s top foreign revenue earners from the fourth slot, accounting only for 2. 8 percent of the gross national product. The industry supports a large workforce, much of it informal. According to a labour survey conducted by the Sri Lanka Census and Statistics Department in 2007, over 100,000 were employed in the trade, 56 percent of whom were nformal employees. It was the informal employees that felt the pinch when arrivals kept going down without the security of at least a small wage packet. In early 2009, business operators like Nimal were complaining that they could not keep their shops open and at least pay the utilities.Some decided to close shop. The downturn in arrivals due to the war attracted low spenders to the island. Silva says that many tourists from Eastern Europe and Russia began arriving in Sri Lanka when the big spenders from Western Europe stayed away. I have nothing against them. But these were budget travellers who travel through the region. They don’t spend much,† he told IPS. Nimal concurs. â€Å"They are not the type who buy souvenirs, let alone expensive carvings, they will show up in the number of arrivals, but have no money. † Goonewardene from Coral Sands warned that the high numbers should not be an indication that the industry has fully recovered. â€Å"When the numbers are analysed, we will see that there will not be a 50 percent increase in earnings corresponding to the increase in arrivals. â€Å"He says the government should launch an aggressive public relations campaign to attract high-end spenders and give incentives like tax breaks to the industry. The new government that took office last month has brought tourism under the purview of the Economic D evelopment Ministry, which has been tasked with accelerating development. It is an indication that tourism is to be a vital component in the new economic plans. â€Å"It is good that the government is showing signs of making tourism part of the bigger national plans. Whoever invests in tourism now will be making a lot of money come next season if we make the right decisions,† Silva

American Association of Retired Persons

American Association of Retired Persons is the largest organization representing the interests of retired persons in the country. With the number of retired persons increasing in the United States, AARP has been in the forefront to influence public policies that serve the interest of this population segment especially on important issues like health, housing, and others.Apart from serving the current senile generation, AARP has also carried out intensive lobbying campaigns on issues that will impact the future generations. The main aim of the organization is to create positive social change and enhance the quality of life for the aged. The group uses different strategies but most important has been its advertising campaign, research reports from its Policy Institute, and many others.The group has been most influential in shaping of public health care policies and its policy influence clearly indicates that it advocates for pluralism. AARP has been providing the best services for the aged and it will continue to influence public policies in the future.Background of the organizationAccording to Charles (1996) American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) was founded in 1958 by Dr. Ethel Percy. Initially, it started as the National Retired Teachers Association (NRTA) which had been established in 1947 with the aim of promoting healthy aging philosophies and to provide health insurance for teachers.   It is a nonprofit, nonpartisan membership organization which mainly comprise of individuals from 50 years and above (Charles, 1996).AARP.org (2009b) shows that currently the organization has more than 40 million members and its offices are spread in all 50 states and also in District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and U.S Virgin Islands. Membership status has also changed and it no longer requires individual to be retired to be eligible but only to have reached the age of 50 years. AARP is the largest membership organization for individuals above the age of 50.   It h as been leading a major revolution to change the perception of life after 50.Major policy goalsFor the last half century, AARP has been in the forefront in creating positive social change not only to its members but to the whole society as well.   The mission of the organization is to enhance the quality of life for all the aged, leading positive changes in the society, and delivery of quality services and value to its members mainly through provision of timely information, advocacy, and services to members.AARP.org (2009b) asserts that the organization strongly believe in the working principles of collective purpose, collective voice, and the power of collective purchasing. These are important principles that guide the organization in all its work. This can exemplified by its Divided We Fall campaign launched in 2007 to influence health care policies.AARP has worked tirelessly in order to fulfill its vision of creating a society in which everyone ages with a lot of dignity and pu rpose and also help aging individuals to fulfill their dreams and goals in life.   The organization speaks in one voice and has a common motto of â€Å"To serve, not be served† (AARP.org, 2009b).

Arthistory Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arthistory Paper - Essay Example Examples of oppositional dressing include punks, zoot suits and clothing that were made of skinheads. In most cases, they did arise where there was oppression and ill-treatment of the masses by the dominant groups. A practical case and instance is the zoot suits which was worn by the servicemen of African-American origin in protest to the white domination and racial discrimination. Similarly, people who lived in similar locality and geographical region had their social destiny bound together. Thus, in any case there was any change and shift from the popular culture, then people in same area moved together in that respect. For instance, when fabrics and puinks hit the ghettos, it was the in thing and every person who wanted to show solidarity with the masses blended with the culture. In retrospect, oppositional dressing relates to subculture in that, it was part of a behavioral or sectoral pattern of behavior within the large cultural spectrum. This is to say that the people who blended with the opposition dress shared similar culture, and the oppositional dress code that they adopted was just a part of the culture in terms of dressing. The term, notion and concept of dandyism refers to a culture where a human being places a lot of attention and weight on the physical and outward appearance. This is to say that the person would take a lot of time and resources to ensure that he or she appears nonchalant at the very least. In most instances and cases, dandyism was a cloud word used to discuss how the men stressed on their masculine principles to try to imitate the aristocrats. This is to say that a man would use refined language, often engage in leisure activities which are conventionally regarded as royal or aristocratic. In the period of the early 19th century, a dandy was a person who was self-made and strived hard to fit into the highest class of the society, (Wilson, 112). This was done regardless of the