Do Movies Shape The Way We See Things - 1477 Words

Do movies shape the way we see things? â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut has had an impact on the dystopic genre and has gone on to influence many movies, books, and other forms of media. However, for such a prolific work of literature, there only seem to be two movie adaptations of Vonnegut’s short story. The first movie adaptation was Harrison Bergeron, made in 1995, and directed by Bruce Pittman (this will be referred to as Harrison Bergeron 1995). The other movie adaptation was 2081 directed by Chandler Tuttle. Both movies mold the world of â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† into their own while incorporating some of the elements from the original source to create their own unique work of art and enhance our understanding of this dystopic world.†¦show more content†¦His doctor then tells him to visit a head house, which is a bordello, like places where smart people go. There he is arrested and is given the option to work for a secret group of elite sma rt individuals. He accepts and later falls in love and impregnates a girl named Phillipa who then tries to escape and is later lobotomized. Angry at the bureau and goes on TV to expose them, he is then captured and forced to confess that what he did was a hoax, he instead opts to kill himself on live TV becoming a martyr to those who oppose the government. The last movie is 2081 this short movie is like the book except that it added a scene where we see a flashback of Harrison been taken by the H-G men, and they added a SWAT team to the part where the Handicapper General kills Harrison. Harrison Bergeron 1995 and 2081 has many similarities with the short story from which they were based on. Harrison Bergeron 1995 is loosely based off the short story. The first similarity that the movie has is that everyone’s desire to be equal. This is evident with grades in school, a perfect score is a C. This is also illustrated by governors, and presidents being randomly chosen by the Nati onal Administration Center. The need for total equality is also accomplished using arranged marriages, marrying smart people with dumber people to produce children that are average. Another similarity that the movie has is Harrison’s extraordinary intelligence for the time. In the movie, Harrison has demonstratedShow MoreRelatedMedia Influence Mass Media795 Words   |  4 Pageslife, we are in Mass Media and we did not even know it. Everything from you learning to just leisure involvement. The cultural products that influence mass media and has taking part is Net Flix. It has made an impact on the movie business where television can be used to see movies and mass media. Television still has an impact on cultural meanings. It shows us the news, ads, and movies that change when the culture evolves. Many look at Netflix as just another outlet for renting movies but itRead MoreThe Insider s Guide On The Value Of Horror Movies And Books1277 Words   |  6 PagesThe Insider ’s Guide to the Value of Horror Movies and Books â€Å"How do you people watch this?!?! † and â€Å"Why do everyone in this room have this intense love for horror movies was two phrases that I heard one night at my friend’s house while we watched Jason killed his 3rd victim on Friday the 13th. â€Å"Horror is defined as being a strong aversion mingled with dread† stated by Patrick Johnson in his paper, â€Å"The Importance of Horror†. Just like Graff’s essay on â€Å"Hidden Intellectualism†, there is a hiddenRead More Mass Media Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesHave you ever had an original thought? Why do we dress the way we do, watch what we watch or even live the way we do. Through our means of entertainment, it is almost a guide in how one should live their life. 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This will not be a simple task nor will it happen quickly. This idea has been put into media and everything you see throughout your childhood and life. Your conscious and subconscious has absorbed this and assumes it s how things work. Ethan Watters the author of â€Å"Being WEIRD: How Culture Shapes the Mind† explains how much your environment molds your ethics, values and the way you think . Our country has been run by men since its existence, these ideas have been broadcasted by them e ver since

Unanswered Questions Into Research Essay Outline Disclosed

Unanswered Questions Into Research Essay Outline Disclosed The paper ought to be consistent from the start to the very end. When you're writing your research paper's introduction, you ought to be building it around a particular outline that supplies a general review of the paper. Try to remember that it's an outline of your principal paper therefore it will cover all the vital facets of your paper. The outline of your customized research paper is likely to reflect upon your research so be sure that it offers a reasonable idea about what your paper is likely to discuss. It is possible to forecast your paper in many distinct ways based on the form of paper you're writing. After all, you're making a paper outline so that you are able to guide yourself towards starting a research paper, so naturally, you won't need to enter the literature review approach. Finding out how to compose a comprehensive outline for a research paper is a more intricate course of action. 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Business plan proposal free essay sample

The proposed business will be 10 years younger Hair and Beauty salon. It will be located at the Kenya Cinema Building in Nairobi city which is along Moi Avenue. The form of business will be sole proprietorship offering Hair and Beauty only and hence will use simple and appropriate technology to deliver service to its customers. The entrepreneur found it appropriate because its in the heart of the city and customers can access it is in the Central Bussiness area. The business will create job opportunities as it expands as well as opening other branches in different parts of Nairobi. The owner of the business is John. E. Onyango currently pursuing a diploma course in co-operative management. 1. 2 MARKETING PLAN Ten years younger salon has key elements of a marketing plan of how how to identify customers and their expectations. The potential customers of the business will be the upper and the middle class women in Nairobi. The business share at its inception will be 20% with main competitor being Urembo, Jawambu and Rio Hair and Beauty Salon. The competitor’s greatest advantage over 10 years Hair salon is their longlices in business thus established customers and financial base but the business intends to curve a niche for itself and capitalize on the fact they lack qualified personnel and their equipment are a bit archaic. The price of services will be based majorly on the cost of production but also much attention will be paid to current prices offered by competitors. The business nwill also offer credit facilities to its trusted and regular customers. To create awareness of the business posters will be fixed at strategic places and at the business premise. A large colourfully decorated poster will be fixed outside the business premises for potential customers to see. Local media, leaflets and personal selling will also be used to advertise the business. The business will sell services directly to customers. 1. 3 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN Ten Years younger Hair and beauty Salon will comprise as of owner as the manager. It will employ the following people; Office administrator, Hairdressers, Beauticians, Shampoo, cleaner girl and the messenger. All the workers will be paid a total salary of 86,000 per month for the first year. Successful candidates for every position will be selected after interview has been conducted. Workers will be motivated through giving recommendation letters, informing them of the business progress, promotion and financial incentives. The manager will be responsible for training employees depending on their respective areas of working. The trade license will be required each year in order for the business to progress with its activities. The business will also enlist the services of a lawyer who will also be the legal advisor of the business. 1. 4 OPERATION/PRODUCTION PLAN The business production facilities comprise of driers blow-driers, steamers, nail files, ultra cholesterol hair treatment, hair relaxers, super and regular shampoo, hair conditioner, apricot facial scrubs, massage lotions, hair braids among others. These facilities will be purchased before the business goes into operation. Production strategies will be designed and developed while the production process will be based on the customer needs. The manager will be devoted to combating both internal and external factors that are likely to affect the business to ensure smooth operations. The business will adhere to all government rules and regulations to maintain peace in the course of running the business. 1. 5 FINANCIAL PLAN The business shall require Kshs. 700,000 which shall be obtained from a bank loan of Kshs. 350,000, my personal savings of Kshs. 200,000 and Kshs. 150,000 family contribution. The bank loan shall be paid from the first year’s operation. The pre-operational cost of 425,800, working capital of cash 274,200 that is estimated after determining the difference between the current assets and the current liabilities. The project cash flow which show the net profit to be made at the end of the business year in December, income statements that shows the profit and loss made by business that particular financial year. It also shows the profoma balance sheet which shows the capital, assets and liabilities of the business liquidity position. It also shows the business profitability ratios, desired financing running consists of the pre operational cost of Kshs. 425,000 and cash Kshs. 274,200 working capital as well as the proposed capitalization amount to 700,000. CHAPTER TWO 2. 0 BUSINESS DECRIPTION 2. 1 BUSINESS NAME The name of the proposed business will be10 years younger hair and beauty salon. The name suggests that whoever enters the salon shall leaks it looking attractive and one could be forgiven for thinking that she is 10 years younger than her real age. It is a business enterprise which will be owned and operated by Mr . John E. Onyango as the general manager. He is twenty four years old and resides in Nairobi city. The proprietor attended Butula boys primary school for his primary education as from 1990 wishes he sat for his Kenya certificate of primary education. He later joined Butula boys high school in 2003 for his PO level education where he sat for his Kenya certificate of secondary education wishes he attained a mean grade of c+ (plus) in 2006. In the beginning of 2007, he started offering hair services like shaving free of charge to friends and meager income corners class residents of the state wishes he used to stay in Kangemi as well as those not in better passion to pay for Kinyozi services due to high prices . this helped him perfect his skill since he had a passion for the work and opted to start working in hair pride Kinyozi and salon located in Kangeni where was paid on commission. He later joined KAM School of hair dressing and beauty in Nairobi where he trained for 5 months thus a holder of certificate in hair dressing. In 2008, he joined the Kenya school of professional students where he obtained a diploma in business management, he therefore possesses business management skills acquired through his training currently the proprietor is a student at Kabete technical training institute undertaking a diplomacourse in cooperative management. This sevices as an added advantage since he is quite optistic that upon coplesion of the three course he will be in better position to establish and run successfully his own business. 2. 2 BUSINESS LOCATION AND ADDRESS 10 year younger hair and beauty salon is tobe located in Nairobi city Kenya Cinema building on second floor along moi avenue street in Nairobi. A feasibility study carried out by the proprietor of 10 years younger salom revelealed that the demand for hair and beauty services is high among the young girls. Middle aged as well as elderly laides residing in BNairobi due to the burning desire to always stay young beautiful and elegant. This is as a result of the fact tha Nairobi is a fast growing city in population which constitute to more rising need of hair and beauty care among the Nairobi residents. Studies carried out by the proprietor unearthed that there is high poten fial for growth and expansion of the business provided by its good will brought about by fast growing Nairobi city. The proprietor found out that the existing infrastructure in the city such as good roads, water, electricity and proper means of communication, the post office and banking facilities provide an enabling environment for the business to efficiently and effectively offers services to the Nairobi recedents. The study also revealed that the possibility of potential customers is high since Kenya cinema building is at the heart of town and customers can easily reach it. It as well houses other business e. g. Kenya cinema hall for showing movies , restaurants and pubs, salon , cyber cafe, clothing boutique, chemist, computers training college among other and two beauty shops at the ground floor. The availability of raw materials therefore justifies its location of the business since there are beauty shops in its name premise for easy access. This brings about convenience in satisfaction of customers needs since one won’t go for in research for urgently needed raw materials. there shall be labour availability since the business will source its employees from pissot point international school of hair dressing and beauty which is within its city. The name of business and address will be 10 YEARS YOUNGER HAIR AND BEAUTY SALON P. O BOX 3042 NAIROBE (KENYA) Tele: 558590 – 559006 CELL: 0729929732 KENYA CINEMA HOUSE (2ND FLOOR) MOI AVENUE STREET 2. 3 FORM OF OWNERSHIP Ten years younger hair and beauty salon is a sole proprietorship form of business owned and managed by Miss Elizabeth Onyange she is a graduate of KSPS and a holder of diploma in business and office management. She has relevant experience in management skills from her professional training as well as working experience and wall therefore be running and managing its business. 2. 3. 1 WHY SHE OPTED FOR SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP She opted for this ownership because making decision will be fast and independent hence no time will be wasted on taking the decisions. She also opted for this kind of ownership because she will enjoy all the profit by herself and have direct contact with customers more closely and control situations if need be. She also opted for sole proprietorship because there is job security in that she will be the boss. The employer and self reliant the business will be registered on 20th January 20101 and start as operations on 5th February 2010. 2. 4 TYPE OF BUSINESS 10 years younger hair and beauty salon is going to be a hair and beauty care provider itus A sensible type of business. It will offer services to all kinds of people. This cases the old middle aged young as well as children. The business target diratified customers from the existing kind of services offered by existing salon this intends to offer quality services at affordable prices to customers satisfaction. 2. 5 PRODUCTS/SERVICES 10 years younger hair and beauty being a hair and beauty care provider it will provide the following products/services to its customers, perm, curl kit, togging pedicure, manicure, facial scrobs braiding, leaving and marrage. 2. 5. 1 PERM This involves trialing a customer hair by applying hair relaxer to straighten the hair and make it firm. First apply some oil or a little powder onto the seals to avoid aiming since some skins are sensitive. Prouder then to apply the relaxer and let it stcujon for about 15 to 20 minutes. It sometimes might go up to 30 minutes depending on the texture of the hair and strength of the relaxer thorough using hair shampoo and some condition to soften at and prevent the hair from breaking rinse the hair properly and dry it up by rolling it round some roller. Allow the customer to sit in drier for 30 minutes then remove the rollers, the hair is then oiled and combed out to suit the customer’s choice of style and the end product is perm having the hair straight and firm 2. 5. 2 CURL KIT The customers hair is applied some curl kit relaxer that strengthens the hair but in early manner. It is then washed off after its elapse of some time as per the instruction on the relaxer container and rinsed thoroughly. The customer sits in a drier to allow the hair dry up for 20 – 30 minutes the hair is then oiled with curt kit get, combined out and stled according to the customers tade. The straight curl hair is the end product which we call curl kit. 2. 5. 3 TONGING This is where the hair, after being relaxed, it is washed off the relaxer and rinsed thoroughly. The hair is rolled around rollers and the customer sits in a drier for 30 minutes. The hair is then tonged using hot tongs usually heated in an electric machine to certain temperature tolerable to the hair texture. After complete tonging, the hair is then styled up to fit the clients taste. This leaves the hair curled firm and in an organized manner thus tonging. 2. 5. 4 PEDICURE This is where the clients legs are brushed/rubbed, toe nails are washed, filed and cuticles removed to put them into good shape. They are then washed again with warm water, rinsed and dried with a towel, oiled and massaged. The toe nails are then polished leaving them clean and pleasant to look at. 2. 5. 5 FACIAL SCRUB AND STEAM This involves steaming clients face by use of an electric face steamer. The client bows down with her face inside the steamer for about 15 minutes. When the heat/steam gets in to contact with the skin, it opens up its pores thus letting out water and oil under the skin. The blackheads are then removed from the skin/pores using a cleaner which shall be determined by the skin type. The facial scrub is then applied on the face and gently massaged by a beautician evenly in a circular movement using a finger. The scrub is then washed off, rinsed and followed by a toner which cleanses the skin thoroughly, and then a moistener applied to give a pleasant facial look. The process removes the dead skin and blackheads revealing a new, fresh, smooth, soft and gentle beautiful skin pleasant to the to touch. 2. 5. 6 BRAIDING The hair is plaited by adding artificial hair on the natural hair. They are either uniform or in lines or small portions of hair plaited either short or long depending on the size of the clients taste or size of the additional artificial hair being used. The hair dresser may make thick or thin braids depending on how much money the client intends to spend on the braids because the smaller the size of the braids the more money you pay. After fixing the whole hair taking a specific style either in lines or small portions or hair braided, the end result is braids. 2. 5. 7 WEAVING The customer’s natural hair is added on artificial hair inform of a weave. The weave replaces the customer hair enabling it to relax, grow and strengthen leaving the customer satisfied with the artificial weave for a particular period of time. In addition to the above, clients coming for braiding shall benefit since they will be charged according to size unlike the salon around which has a fixed price for braiding no matter the size. Products/services like pedicure will be accompanied by free nail art for the finger nails which other salons in the region don’t offer. For weaving, clients will enjoy the right of coming back for any changes they would like be made provided they come back before the elapse of one month. This makes the products/services more unique compared to those offered by other salons. 2. 6 JUSTIFICATION OF ORPOTUNITY Since the business is located at a convenient place and it gives services in a special way compared to other businesses in the same industry and same locality, there is an opportunity of giving the salon more popularity which will facilitate faster growth. Nairobi has grown over the years in population and the business world and this has made it easier for businessmen to invest more of their properties into the business that it had been in the part for few years. The business venture will also be a success because it intends to satisfy customer’s special needs effectively since it will only hire qualified beauticians and hair dressers from Pivot Point International of beauty and hairdressing in order to emphasize on quality and professional services which will be an advantage over others according to the feasibility study carried out by the proprietors. She also found out that most of businesses in the same services are not keen on the qualifications of whom they employ as long as they can give the service asked for by the customer. 10 years younger Hair and beauty salon will also have a code of dressing for its staff where by the proprietor will have uniforms for them. Uniform of skirt suits and trouser suits will have a logo of the business on them. This will make it special and different from others since it will earn more credibility for its professional manner of dressing thus giving customers some confidence that they are being attended to by a decent staff. It will also identify in the market since staff members will be associated with this business wherever they will be thus promoting awareness to potential customers. The salon will also provide services like accepting visa cards for payment services which is not common with many businesses in the same market according to the study named out by the proprietor. This will attract more customers because of the extension of credit facilities but in a wise manner since it will only be on condition that the client’s bank accepts to debit their accounts. This will not lose money as much as the credit facilities which are only built and dependent on the customer to come and honor their bills. 2. 7 INDUSTRY 10 years younger Hair and Beauty salon falls under cosmetology industry and is where it will operate. It is a growing industry compared to other industries and has bigger share in the market. The salon will adopt modern technology and will employ few employees whose number will increase as the business expands. The industry is getting bigger as well as experiences sales maximization due to the advertisement it airs on T. V through various programs on hair care. 2. 7. 1THE HAIR AND BEAUTY CARE INVENTION Hair dressing is the art of arranging the hair or otherwise modifying its natural state. It has been an important part of the dress for both men and women since antiquity like dress serves a number of functions. Almost all societies have found it necessary tom cut or confine the hair in order to keep it out of the way. They further arranged their hair to fulfill a man’s basic desire for adornment which may vary inform from the ornately curled, blond wigs to sleek shin glad heads of flappers in the 1920’s. One extremely important function of hair styling especially in traditional pre-industrial societies is to indicate statues primitive men for instance fastened bones, fitness and other objects in their hair to impress the lowly and frighten the enemy with their rank and progress. Noble rank among the ancient was indicated by long hair. The religious significance of hair is seen in the shaved hair is seen in the shaved hair of Christians. Hair arrangement could also proclaim age and marital status e. g. boys in the ancient Greece cut their hair and Hindu boys shaved their hair when they reached adolescence. In Europe maidens wore uncovered flowing hairstyle while matrons bound theirs under the veils. From late middle ages, hairstyles in the west have been greatly influenced by changing fashion. 2. 8 BUSINESS GOALS Ten years younger hair and Beauty salon is going to be a profit making enterprise and whose aim will be looking into customer interests and cater for them in order to retain them. This will be achieved through utilization of the skills acquired to provide quality services to customers at fair and affordable prices. The business will also see to it that employee’s needs are taken care of by giving them the most competitive remuneration as well as conducting fair dealings with customers. The business long term goal is expanding it after reaping a precise amount of profit and establishing own school of hair dressing and beauty therapy. This will be much better we will be employing employees from own college directly into the salon. 2. 9 ENTRY AND GROWTH STRATEGY The business will easily gain acceptance in the market area since it intends superior and quality services which is an advantage over the existing business. To popularize the enterprise, intensive advertisement through posters, signposts and billboards will be used. The owner will also ensure that the business premise is colourful and brightly painted to attract the potential customer attention. The owner intends to retain customers through ensuring efficiency in service delivery as well as identifying customer’s preferences in order to maintain them all. The business will also offer services on credit to its most trusted customers as well as entertaining and ensuring that customers not bored while being attended thus will provide magazines for reading. The growth of business shall be known or depicted by such indicators like the increasing number of customers and employees, inadequate equipment and increased number of customers and employees, inadequate equipment and increased overdrawing duties that can necessitate such changes as expansion of the operation rite and employing of new workers. Growth may also require introduction of new products and services which will result to simultaneous sales to match the operation rate and order placement by customers. CHAPTER THREE 3. 0 MARKETING PLAN 3. 1 POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS 10 years younger Hair and Beauty salon’s target customers will be upper class women basically because our prices and services will be desirable and affordable to individuals in these classes. These will be people working mostly in offices ranging from 22 years of age with monthly salary of about Kshs. 20,000 and Kshs. 50,000. There shall be also be a considerable percentage of low class earners with various occupations including those below the above mentioned age group provided they can back up the services by paying. The customers will be served on cash on delivery basis and the services will be available throughout the week. The salon will therefore be open as from 8. 00 AM – 9. 00PM or beyond depending on the number of customers and workload. It shall however be in operation starting from 6. 30 AM during weekends since most parents take their children to have their hair done on Saturdays as well as those who want to furnish up their look when a new week begins. The salon is therefore likely to be busy all the time since every single day people go for different beauty services. Cleanliness and neatness will be mandatory to all customers since most of them work in offices where it is carefully observed. This is evidenced from the modernized residential estates where majority live. Therefore an average number of 6000 customers at the inception of the business is expected which will rise up as the business grows and gets well established. 3. 2 MARKET SHARE The salon intends to cater for Nairobi residents and its environs for its services. With considerable average population of 50,000, it intends to capture 20% (6000 people) of the potential customers which is about 10,000 of the total population in Nairobi city thus averaging to 6000 people for entrepreneurs targeted customers. The nature of competition will be direct with Jawabu beauty and Barbershop, Rio hair and Beauty salon and Urembo Beauty salon as main competitors. However, with the introduction of special care unit, special customers with special needs will get special attention, modernized technology and efficiency in service delivery will put me in a much position to outdo my competitors thus secure a greater percentage to outdo market share in two years i. e. from 20% to 60%. The market will be distributed as follows Jawabu hair salon5900 x 100=19. 7% 30,000 Urembo hair salon9500 x 100=31% 30,000 10 years younger6000 x 100=20% 30000 To present this on a pie chart this will show the competitors and the amount of quantity in the market in percentages. Jawabu hair salon19. 7 x 360=70. 9 100 Urembo hair salon31. 7 x 360=114. 1 100 10 years younger20 x 360=20% 100 A pie chart showing the market share. 3. 3. 2 COMPETITORS These are a number of competitors in the same locations during the same kind of business but the products but the products and services they offer are not satisfactory to customer’s expectations according to the study carried out by the proprietor. These include Jawabu hair and beauty salon and barbershop, Urembo hair and beauty salon, And Rio hair salon. The salon shall be located on the second floor of Kenya Cinema Building as compared to others located on the third and fourth. This is an added advantage since customers find it tedious and tiring to climb up the stairs because of lack of elevator to lift them up. Below are the competitors’ strength and weaknesses 3. 3. 1 JAWABU HAIR AND BEAUTY SALON It is already established over the last three years. Due to its long life in business, it has an establishment capital base and has been able to expand and open another branch in Yaya centre, the presence at the barbershop within the same shelter also attract more customers since ladies who accompany male customers for a shave may opt for the service or the other it has loyal customers. Weaknesses Its employees charge different prices for the same hair styles under different occasions. Thus they do not share a common price list which puts off customers since they are able to afford the service at a time and unable to attend to buy different staff, because the price is either lower or higher from what they were charged the previous time. The salon doesn’t hire strictly professional hair dressers and beauticians but just employ as long as they can provide service without paying much attention to quality. 3. 3. 2 RIO HAIR AND BEAUTY SALON Rio beauty Salon is a branch of Jawabu located at Yaya at Chaka place. Strengths Is already an established salon and has been in existence for the last one year and a half. It’s location enables it to attract the high profile clientele since it is in one of Nairobi’s suburb areas. It therefore has an established capital base hence has been able to curve a niche for itself and has existing customers. Weakness Its location does not favor it much because not all clients would drive to Yaya after long day at work to have their hair done or get pedicure or even massage. The hair packaging is inconvenient to ordinary customers since payment for retouch is not inclusive for hair styling. 10 years younger salon intends to package products differently to make them attractive and be able to justify its pricing 3. 3. 3 UREMBO HAIR AND BEATY SALON Strengths Has been in operation for six years now, has vast knowledge services being headed by a professional and qualified hair and beauty therapist situated at Barclay’s plaza where there is secure parking and the right ambience and atmosphere. The proprietor is a well known figure with political acquaintances as well as top executive in the country and benefits from having a beauty school qualified personnel. Weakness Lack of niche curving hence the privacy of high profile clientele is not achieved as many would want thus with time the prestige come with the word Urembo will no longer exist. It’s gradually wading away because the standards have been maintained. Every other ordinary Kenyan can visit the hair parlor. 3. 4 PRICING STRATEGY The proprietor intends to adopt a cost based pricing method, several factors shall therefore put into consideration when setting price for the service the cost involved in obtaining products that will be based in the business as well as promotional costs incurred and then adding enough to cover direct expenses and overheads plus the profit. This will ensure that the proprietor breaks even and guard against losses since all costs will be covered. The selling price will therefore be calculated as selling price= cost of materials = other expenses (transport, promotion and advertisement+ profit). Other factors like the competitors price shall also play a role in arriving at the final price for services as well as the demand for services. They will be charged affordably compound to competitors i. e. Kshs. 30. 00 difference less than or more than depending on the type of the services being offered. The proprietor shall consider 25% for himself and at times after discounts especially during special holidays like valentines, Easter, Christmas and other public holidays. Government policies shall also determine pricing to an extent e. g. heavy duty imposition on the higher price charged, most trusted and with established customers shall be offered credit facilities to be paid for after one month expectation but no interest shall be charged. 3. 5 SALE TACTICS The salons services will be provided directly to customers from one centre. This means that all clients shall be met served in the business which will provide a perfect opportunity to relate with the client. The business shall not at any time involve any distribution or agent in delivering services and potential customers will be coming at the business premises by themselves. Receipts will be processed for the clients or control purpose and for easy documentations of the day’s returns. Due to the future of the proprietors clients work. The proprietor will require that appointment be made earlier for better planning and service delivery. 3. 6 METHOD OF PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING Since the business will be new in the market, the proprietor shall use several forms of advertising and promotion to make it known to a vast population to create a great deal of publicity and awareness. This will help increase sales. 3. 6. 1 ADVERTISING To inform the customer of the new business and the services available the proprietor will use the following. Posters Larger posters with colourfull decorations will be printed and strategically placed on several walls of premises, trees to capture the attention and potential customers. The posters will enable them to learn of the new salon to be opened. They shall welcome all the esteemed customers to a grand opening of the new salon. The method is much cheaper and effective since it will only require printing on a sheet of paper, which it will only about 500 copies with an estimated cost of kshs. 5,000. Signposts There shall be one large sign post outside the business premises with bright colourful and legible writing on it informing of others. Sign posts shall be made at convenient places indicating the location of business for customers to easily trace it. The products and services to be offered shall also included in the signpost thus an estimated cost of kshs. 1,500. 3. 6. 2 PROMOTION Regular promotion campaigns and sale promotion will be organized at least twice every four months more so during mid month when customer caring has dwindled. This will include giving discount of 10% of the charged. Selling price which is 100% (100% 10%) reducing to 90% which is affordable by customers at such time of the month. Free services like cutex application shall also be offered during the time of promotion thus an estimated cost of kshs. 3500 thus amounting to the total cost of kshs. 10,000 for the advertising and promotion. 3. 7 DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY The flow of services will be directly from produce to customer; this implies that the producer who is the proprietor and staff will be delivering services directly to the customers. This shall help in building and cultivating good relationships with customers and personal contact with them. Service consumer This channel will as well ensure flow of information on what the customers feel should be done to improve the quality of services when necessary. As for transportation a material/products an estimate of about Kshs. 5000 will be required to cater for transport coast from the supplier that so located far from the business premises and their within Nairobi city which shall require little cost. CHAPTER FOUR 4. 0 ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN The chart below shows an organizational structure of various levels of personnel. GENERAL MANAGER OFFICE ADMINSTRATOR HAIR DRESSERSBEAUTICIANS SHMPOO GIRLSCLEANER/MESSENGER 4. 1 BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND QUALIFICATION 10 Years younger hair and beauty salon is to be managed and solely run by John E. Onyango as the general manager with the assistance of an office administrator. He will be accountable for all business transactions or a daily business having undergone a six month training hence process a certificate in hair dressing. He has also gained considerable business management knowledge having studied entrepreneurship education in his currently pursued course. Duties Setting goals, policies and other objectives for business. Staff recruitment and firing. Making and approving decisions and overseeing the overall and the daily running of the business. Approval of supplies as well as suppliers. Making payments to creditors and staff salaries. Arranging for business finance with banks and other financial institutions. He will also have other responsibilities like ensuring business success, proper and effective communication. 4. 2 PERSONAL NUMBER AND D

Ms. Margaret Eleanor Atwood is... free essay sample

Ms. Margaret Eleanor Atwood is an internationally celebrated novelist, literary critic, and poet. As a child, Atwood spent her time between Ontario, her familys primary residence and sparsely settled bush country in northern Canada, where her father, an entomologist, conducted research. Because of her fathers ongoing research Atwood spent most of her childhood in the woods of northern Quebec and traveled continuously between Ottawa, Sault Ste. Maire, and Toronto. She did not attend school full time until she was eight years old. Because of her upbringing, her works often have themes of the dangers of the ideologies of sexual politics and civilization vs. wilderness. Although, Atwood embeds feminist ideals in her writing as she rallies to empower women, she also cautions her readers by writing dystopian works that touch upon the darkness that is present in humanity.She studied at the University of Toronto where she began publishing her poems in the college literary journal. We will write a custom essay sample on Ms. Margaret Eleanor Atwood is or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1961, she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English and minors in philosophy and French. In 1961, she printed a book of poems, Double of Persephone, and was named he winner of the E.J. Pratt medal. She then went on to obtain her masters at Harvards Radcliff. She planned to pursue higher degrees at Hardvard University, but did not finish her dissertation. Her first significant work was a book of poetry, The Circle Game published in 1964, which was highly praised worldwide and honored in 1964. After that, she wrote numerous novel, screenplays, short stories, children books, and e-books. Atwood also had a distinguished career as a professor. She held positions at the University of British Columbia from 1964-1965, Sir George Williams University from 1967-1968, and York University from 1971-1972. Atwood continued writing some of her most celebrated novels including the Handmaids Tale, the Blind Assassin she continued writing some of her most celebrated novels including The Handmaids Tale, the Blind Assassin, The Penelopiad, Alias Grace, The Edible Woman and many more.In her works, Atwood continually pits civilization against wilderness and society against savagery. She often considers these opposites to be some of the defining characteristics of Canadian society. By pitting civilization against the wilderness, she can create metaphors for the divisions between human personality. Society, civilization, and culture all represent the humanity of all humans while wilderness, irrational, carnal thoughts and actions all represent the savagery of our inner beings. In one of her most famous novels, The Handmaids Tale is about a futuristic totalitarian society called the Republic of Gilead. Gilead rose to power because they wanted to put a stop to prostitution, porn and violence toward women. They also wanted to raise the declining fertility rates caused by pollution and chemical spills which lead to radiation sickness. The main characters name is Offred which isnt her real name, but symbolizes the ownership that a man has over her. Offreds job as a andmaid and her job is Gilead is to be assigned to married couples to bear their children. Offred is assigned to the Commander and his wife, Serena Joy. During the Ceremony Offred is obligated to have sex with the Commander while Serena holds her hands down. The Handmaids Tale is interesting because it uses many of Offreds flashbacks to tell the story of how Gilead began. By doing this we are able to find out that Offred had an affair with a married man and ends up marrying him. After they marry they have a daughter together. In the novel, Offred has a best friend named Moira who refuses to become a victim to Gileads oppression. Offred had a best friend named Moira who was a rebellious who refuses to stand down against Gilead. As Gilead takes over womens rights are virtually non-existent. They are not allowed to own property, have jobs, or vote. When Luke and Offred realize how horrible their life will be they try to escape to Canada, but are captured at the border and separated. Offred is then banished to the Rachel and Leah Re-education center where she is educated as a Handmaid. Moira unable to take stand down escapes and leaves Offred alone. Moira soon escapes leaving Offred alone. Offred is then assigned to the Commanders house. Her only freedom is to go shopping which she must be accompanied by Ofglen.One day the Commander tells his Chuffer to let Offred know to meet him in the study secretly. After that, Offred visits him regularly and he allows her to play Scrabble and read vogue which is forbidden. Serena Joy begins to notice that Offred is not getting pregnant and tells Offred that in exchange of having sex with Nick and then passing off the baby as the Commanders she will bring Offred a picture of her daughter. One night the Commander takes Offred to Jezebel where Commanders meet prostitutes. While there she meets Moira who explains that she was captured after running away from the red center she was captured and chose to be a prostitute rather than being sent to the Colonies. Later that night, the Commander takes Offred to a hotel room and has sex with Offred. After returning home Serena brings Offred to Nicks room and they proceed to have sex with each other. There secret affair continues for weeks after that. Offred gets very involved in the affair and strays from collecting information about the Commander for Ofglen. Offred then finds out that Oglen hanged herself after she realized that the secret police were coming for her. Later, Serena finds out about Offreds trip to Jezebel and sends Offred to her room. As she is waiting in her room a black van pulls up with the same logo as the Eyes. Thinking she is about to get moved to the Colonies, Nick quickly reassures her that the van is taking her to safety, but she doesnt really trust Nicks word. Despite her skepticism she gets on the van going either to freedom or prison. One of the overarching themes in The Handmaids Tale is using women as pawns in a political war. The aim of the founders of Gilead is to stop the decreasing fertility rates, violence, and pornography by creating a completely new political structure. They completely removed democracy for all the people especially women and replaced it with Totalitarianism and theocracy. Womens political freedom was stripped away including their rights to vote, own property, acquire a job, or read. Previously, these rights empowered women to become independent and educated members of society and know they are reduced to nothing but a womb. In one of the novels key scenes, Offred lies in the bath and thinks about a time where her body was her own and not the property of Gilead. Often in Atwoods writing her themes involve an awareness of the struggles within a power structure whether it be democratic structure or a totalitarian structure. Atwood often explores the different ways where individuals became involved in power relationships that are often reduced to domination and victimization. By exploring domination and victimization Atwood crosses into the complicated world of religion. In Gilead, the Sons of Jacob are the aggressors and eventually the victors against democracy and totalitarianism and oppression masked as religion into the lives of millions. As Atood explains how capable humans are to inflict cruelty and darkness she places Biblical references throughout her novel. Before every Ceremony where Handmaids like Offred are raped in an effort to bear children, a passage from Genesis is read to the whole household specifically Genesis 30:1-3. The passage reads, and when Rachel saw that she bare Jacob no children, Rachel envied her sister, and said unto Jacob, Give me children or else I die (Genesis). And she said, Behold my maid, Bilhah. Go unto her and she shall bear upon my knees so that I might also have children by her. And she gave him Bilhah, their Handmaid, to wife, and Jacob went unto her (Genesis). Sons of Jacob use religion as a way to dominate women by explaining that it is within the Bible. The ceremony is about the power relationship between women and men. As she is being held down by the commanders wife, the Handmaid is made to lay between them as she provides her womb to the couple. The result of the ceremony further implicates that the seed she carries belongs to the man she should be honored to carry.One of the highlights of the Handmaids Tale is when Offred finally realizes that power lies within her sexuality. During one of her glimpses of freedom through a shopping trip, Offred fantasizes about having a sexual relationship with a guard. She says, as we walk I know theyre watching, these two men arent yet permitted to touch women. They touch with their eyes instead and I move my hips a little, feeling the full red skirt sway around me†¦. I enjoy the power of a dog bone, passive but there. I hope they get hard at the sight of us and have to rub themselves against the painted barriers, surreptitiously†¦(Atwood, 30). As the pair walk away Offred brings along their carnal desires with her. Offred later says, its difficult for me to believe I have power over him, of any sort, but I do; although its of an unequivocal kind (272). By realizing the extent of her relationship with the Commander she now has power over Serena. She says, now that I was seeing the Commander on the sly, if only to play his games and listen to him talk, our functions were no longer as separate as they should have been in theory. I was taking something away from her, although she didnt know it (208). In this quote Offred explains how she is entangling in her web of power without either of them realizing it. Everytime she goes to see the Commander he allows her to read vogue and play scramble in exchange for a kiss. This clearly displays how he isnt a fan of the impersonal and worthless sexual ritual they have every month rather he is yearning to have a passionate woman beneath him. As she writes about the power struggles between men and women she also highlights the struggles within women themselves. Atwoods says, women will gang up on other women. Yes, they will accuse others to keep themselves of the hook: We see that very publicly in the age of social media, which enables group swarmings. Yes, they will gladly take positions of power over other women, even- and, possibly, especially in systems in which women as a whole have scant power. All power is relative, and in tough times any amount is seen as better than none (New York Times). In The Handmaids Tale, men ostracize some women and raise others to a pedestal. The wives and aunts are loved and praised as they imprison other women who they deem as lower status. One of the most alarming aspects of Atwoods dystopia that the society justifies sexist tyranny through feminist ideals. Citizens of Gilead make all sorts of remarks about how their social structures protect women from rape and violence and encourages respect for motherhood while the dehumanize women and take away their right to seek pleasure in their most basic rights.

epic of gilgamesh essays

epic of gilgamesh essays In the Epic of Gilgamesh the main character is king Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh is a half man and half god but is still mortal like all other men. Gilgamesh goes through many different transformations in his life as he interacts with different men and gods. The changes that Gilgamesh goes through affect his whole kingdom. Early on, he was a terrible king to his people stealing every brides virginity and as the epic progresses he learns more about life and learns to treat his people with respect so he will be remembered as a good king. Early on when Gilgamesh was king, he was terrible to his people. He stole bridess virginity on their wedding night. He did not respect his people in the slightest and did not care what they thought of him as king because we felt he was such a great warrior that he did not need to be a good king. After a while of Gilgamesh being a terrible king the gods created Enkidu. Enkidu was an equal to Gilgamesh in terms of strength and fighting and it was the first time that Gilgamesh met his equal. This gave Gilgamesh a lot of respect for Enkidu and he became a very close friend. Enkidu was not at all civilized and when he was offered a woman to sleep with him, he declined. Gilgamesh learned a lot from Enkidu and started to care about others for the first time in his life. Gilgamesh soon gave up the practice of sleeping with every bride and started to care more about his people. This was a great change from before when Gilgamesh was a terrible leader for his people. Gilgamesh later goes on a quest for eternal life similar to that of the gods. In searching for the eternal life, he goes on many quests to find the one mortal that was granted eternal life for his faith. After Gilgamesh meets with the person he finds out, he has to find this plant at the bottom of the see that will give him eternal life. He goes and finds this plant but upon obtaining, this plant Gilgamesh does not eat it hi...

Definition and Examples of Surface Structure in Grammar

Definition and Examples of Surface Structure in Grammar In transformational and generative grammar, surface structure is the outward form of a sentence. In contrast to deep structure (an abstract representation of a sentence), surface structure corresponds to the version of a sentence that can be spoken and heard. A modified version of the concept of surface  structure is called  S-structure. In transformational grammar, deep structures are generated by phrase-structure rules, and surface structures are derived from deep structures by a series of transformations. In  The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar  (2014), Aarts et al. point out that, in a looser sense, deep and surface structure are often used as terms in a simple binary opposition, with the deep structure representing  meaning, and the surface structure being the actual sentence we see. The terms  deep structure  and  surface structure  were popularized in the 1960s and 70s by American  linguist  Noam Chomsky. In recent years, notes Geoffrey Finch, the terminology has changed:  Deep and surface structure have become D and S structure, principally because the original terms seemed to imply some sort of qualitative evaluation; deep suggested profound, whilst surface was too close to superficial. Nevertheless, the principles of transformational grammar still remain very much alive in contemporary linguistics (Linguistic Terms and Concepts, 2000). Examples and Observations The surface structure of a sentence is the final stage in the syntactic representation of a sentence, which provides the input to the phonological component of the grammar, and which thus most closely corresponds to the structure of the sentence we articulate and hear. This two-level conception of grammatical structure is still widely held, though it has been much criticized in recent generative studies. An alternative conception is to relate surface structure directly to a semantic level of representation, bypassing deep structure altogether.  The term surface grammar is sometimes used as an informal term for the superficial properties of the sentence.(David Crystal, A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 6th ed. Wiley, 2011)A deep structure is . . . the underlying form of a sentence, before rules like auxiliary inversion and wh-fronting apply. After all raisings apply, plus relevant morphological and phonological rules (as for forms of do), the result . . . is the linear, con crete, surface structure of sentences, ready to be given phonetic form.(Grover Hudson, Essential Introductory Linguistics. Blackwell, 2000) Surface Structure Cues and StrategiesThe surface structure of the sentence often provides  a number of obvious cues to the underlying syntactic representation. One obvious approach is to use these cues and a number of simple strategies that enable us to compute the syntactic structure. The earliest detailed expositions of this idea were by Bever (1970) and Fodor and Garrett (1967). These researchers detailed a number of parsing strategies that used only syntactic cues. Perhaps the simplest example is that when we see or hear a determiner such as the or a, we know a noun phrase has just started. A second example is based on the observation that although word order is variable in English, and transformations such as passivization can change it, the common structure noun-verb-noun often maps on to what is called the  canonical sentence structure SVO (subject-verb-object). That is, in most sentences we hear or read, the first noun is the subject, and the second one the object.  In fact, if we made use of this strategy we could get a long way in comprehension. We try the simpler strategies first, and if they do not work, we try other ones.(Trevor A. Harley,  The Psychology of Language: From Data to Theory,  4th ed. Psychology Press,  2014) Chomsky on Deep and Surface Structures[T]he generative grammar of a language specifies an infinite set of structural descriptions, each of which contains a deep structure, a surface structure, a phonetic representation, a semantic representation, and other formal structures. The rules relating deep and surface structuresthe so-called grammatical transformationshave been investigated in some detail, and are fairly well understood. The rules that relate surface structures and phonetic representations are also reasonably well understood (though I do not want to imply that the matter is beyond dispute: far from it). It seems that both deep and surface structures enter into the determination of meaning. Deep structure provides the grammatical relations of predication, modification, and so on, that enter into the determination of meaning. On the other hand, it appears that matters of focus and presupposition, topic and comment, the scope of logical elements, and pronominal reference are de termined, in part at least, by surface structure. The rules that relate syntactic structures to representations of meaning are not at all well understood. In fact, the notion of representation of meaning or semantic representation is itself highly controversial. It is not clear at all that it is possible to distinguish sharply between the contribution of grammar to the determination of meaning, and the contribution of so-called pragmatic considerations, questions of fact and belief and context of utterance.(Noam Chomsky, lecture given in January 1969 at Gustavus Adolphus College in Minnesota. Rpt. in Language and Mind, 3rd ed. Cambridge University  Press, 2006)

What drives Chinese into Buying Luxury Goods in the 21 century Essay

What drives Chinese into Buying Luxury Goods in the 21 century - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that China’s luxury market has turned into a lucrative business over the recent years. Chinese consumers are becoming more brand conscious, becoming shrewder in their tastes, and making a better exertion to comprehend the traditional brands. China has become the second largest market for luxury goods in the world. The Chinese economy is growing day by day and her people are buying expensively priced branded commodities. Â  They buy these things not only within China but also from other countries as tourists. A rapidly growing upper and middle class are seen as bent on enhancing their individuality by buying luxury goods. China has been reported to have already overtaken the United States and Japan in terms of luxury items purchases. Â  China has worked hard to achieve economic prosperity, producing current generations of millionaires. Â  Accordingly, this generation has been spending a large amount in the luxury market day by day and Chinese are becoming more dynamic and active buyers in the market. China has emerged as the biggest purchaser of luxury goods in the world market. Chinese consumers are showing great interest in buying luxury goods these days, and this has not been left unnoticed by the global luxury market. The United States, Japan, and Europe, who have been the top consumers of luxury goods, are indeed quite surprised with the growing appetite of Chinese for luxury items. Nearly all Chinese visiting Paris have bought expensive bags without looking at its price tags.

Apply for graduate school, MA in Economics Personal Statement

Apply for graduate school, MA in Economics - Personal Statement Example In spite of the fact that I already have a degree for developing a career, becoming an outstanding professional with specialized knowledge in my field is my immediate objective for pursuing the course. This is because my previous academic background is so wide with inadequate ‘in-depth’ knowledge in economic principles and theories for practical application. I further believe that taking the course from a distinguished institution like yours, which is also a key competitive advantage in the job market, and eventually establishing my career in a reputable international organization will be a key to my professional objective. The need for highly rated economists to solve existing economic problems at different levels of the society, local, national, and international levels has also motivated my desire to pursue the Masters degree in economics because it provides an opportunity to influencing policies for the society’s economic benefit. My intention to complete the masters program also factors in a number of personal goals. Upon completing the degree, I hope to work with a social international agency that specializes in economic empowerment of communities in ‘poverty-stricken’ developing countries, a position from which I shall be able to initiate positive transitions in people’s lives besides conducting research into economic theories. Sharing my acquired knowledge with other members of the society is also my goal into the course. I for instance intend to apply my knowledge in lecturing university and college students as a part time activity. Further, upon attaining my professional goal towards a recognized social status, I hope to be a socially responsible member of the society through mobilization and empowerment of the youth towards pursuits for higher education, entrepreneurial ventures, and social responsibility. This is because the youth lacks dedicated

Japan & successful countries Essay Example for Free

Japan successful countries Essay Japan being one of the most successful countries in the world suffered from several problems too. In order for them to achieve greatness and near perfection, they had to be broken also which made it more possible for them to stand up again and adapt to changes. For a very long time, they closed their doors to foreign countries and made life on their own without the help of anything or anyone except them alone. However, despite of this decision, Japan was able to improve their living and manage to become one of the most successful countries in the world. In present, Japan continues to adapt to the changes that the world offers them without sacrificing their own national native philosophy. Considering the success that Japan had, it is indeed amazing to know that they have imprints of foreign culture and philosophy in them. How they were able to maintain their native and national philosophy while adapting to change is something that makes them really an interesting subject to discuss. After their resistance to colonizers and isolation, they were able to foster a nation which mixes stories and culture of the west and the east. Japan and the early years after Isolation There are several amazing things that people must know and understand about Japan. When they successfully defended their country from foreign invasion in 1945, Japan freely borrowed ideas from different countries with the absence of military impositions and the presence of colonial life. They were able to adapt to changes without people telling them what to do. Instead, the country and its people freely and willingly adapted to change while isolating themselves and soon opening to the world (Kasulis). Japan philosophy Japanese philosophy is not based on their native beliefs and studies. It is rooted into several foreign philosophies which they improvised and used to give a touch of Japan in them. However despite of the fact that theirs was a mixture of several foreign ideas, there is always something that makes their philosophies their own (Kasulis). The most distinctive characteristic of Japanese philosophy is how it has assimilated and adapted foreign philosophies to its native worldview. As an isolated island nation, Japan successfully resisted foreign invasion until 1945 and, although it borrowed ideas freely throughout its history, was able to do so without the imposition of a foreign military or colonial presence. Japanese philosophy thus bears the imprint of a variety of foreign traditions, but there is always a distinctively Japanese cultural context. In order to understand the dynamics of Japanese thought, therefore, it is necessary to examine both the influence of various foreign philosophies through Japanese history and the underlying or continuing cultural orientation that set the stage for which ideas would be assimilated and in what way. Works Cited Kasulis, Thomas P. (1998). Japanese philosophy. In E. Craig (Ed. ), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge. Retrieved March 15, 2009, from http://www. rep. routledge. com/article/G100

Essay --

In the time I have spent researching CPR and First Aid I have learned a lot about both procedures and have found that they go hand and hand. Even though yes both have difference. CPR is preformed on somebody who is experiencing cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest. Knowing how to perform CPR and first aid is very important. People experience cardiac arrest everyday and they are thankful for the person who responded and performed CPR to save there life. That is where First Aid comes in because First Aid is usually given by the first person to respond to someone who is in need of medical attention. Even though there is a lot of education on CPR out here in the world today, I still think people are not educated enough on the process and importance of CPR. That usually leads to people being scared to even try to learn and educate them self. I think CPR and first aid should really be a part of every work place. First Aid is not only a procedure but it also safety precaution. The world of medicine is constantly changing, so we have to educate ourself on the techniques of CPR and First Aid. These aspects are vital to everyones survival. CPR and first aid are a very important aspects in everyday life as well as in the medical field. Having knowledge and knowing how to perform CPR and First Aid can mean the difference of life or death. These two medical aspects are very serious inside the medical office and outside. As being in any medical profession you have to be certified in CPR. The reason for that is because you will be faced with emergency situations daily and knowing how to respond with the proper technique will make a huge difference in saving someone’s life. I have done ... ...to even examine the patient. First Aid is a basic skill every person should know in the medical profession. According to OSHA standards anyone in the medical field needs to be trained in First Aid, but OSHA does not actually have any standards on the performance of First Aid. In conclusion, no matter who you are you can preform these two important aspects of medical care to save someone’s life. CPR and First Aid are two both processes and take time to master, but everything pays off when you know you can save a persons life. This is the basics needed to become an affective medical assistant. My goal is to use these basic skills to provide a foundation that will help me in realizing my dreams of helping others. The MA is usually the first contact person for the patient so it would seem that they should know what they are doing in any medical situation.

Benefits of prison Essay

There are a variety of crimes committed in the United States daily. Felonies and misdemeanors are examples of crimes committed. â€Å"Felonies, such as murder and armed robbery, are punishable by death or prison terms longer than one year. Misdemeanors are lesser offenses, such as too many unpaid parking tickets, and are punishable by fines, jail terms of less than a year, and/or community service† (Blue/Naden, 2001, p. 13). When people commit crimes, they are labeled criminals. If caught committing a crime, the criminal is placed in prison. The length of time the criminal spends in prison depends on the type of crime committed and the severity of the crime. The debate over the number of prisons, the length of prison terms and even the need for prison has become a hot topic in the past few years. Yet, no matter the issues facing prisons and prisoners today, placing criminals in prison benefits society as a whole. Placing criminals in prison teaches personal responsibility. Each person is responsible for any actions committed on their part. Individuals who commit crimes and then pay for those crimes learn that there is a price to pay for not following the rules set by society. â€Å"†¦the whole governmental structure of force and threat – police, judges, and prisons – is a key means by which society restrains aggression and crime† (Bender/ Leone, 1995, p. 71). Society laws are in place for the protection of all people living in that society. Paying for crimes committed by going to prison leads to a personal realization that no one is above the law. Of course, most people are born with personal responsibility. â€Å"†¦it is the internal inhibition that society builds into each person’s character, the inner voice (call it reason, conscience, superego, what you will) that makes the social contract an integral part of our deepest selves†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bender/Leone, 1995, p. 71). When individuals lose that internal inhibition is when places, like prison, become necessary. Some critics have called prison â€Å"government sanctioned oppression† (Bender/Leone, 1995 p. 69). Prisons are used against those who exercise their rights as members of a democratic society. They are used to punish the less desirable members of society, teaching individuals who do not conform to regret decisions based on the freedoms of this country. In other words, people should be able to do whatever they want to whomever they choose with no consequences. When personal responsibility is not present the result is anarchy. A democratic society cannot exist without some balance and some laws to govern behavior. â€Å"Crime is always a challenge to the prevailing normative order and a test of the values and commitments of law-abiding people† (Blue/Naden, 2001, p. 8) Placing criminals in prison benefits society by making communities safer. Depending on the community, the amount and type of crime differs. Poor areas experience more crimes, statistically, but no community is safe from criminals. No matter where the crime occurs the people living in that community are affected. To know that where you live and raise your children is not safe, affects every part of daily living. Victims of crimes are affected emotionally and in some cases physically. Knowing that the criminal is behind bars makes the victims, families, friends and the community feel safer. They can walk through their neighborhoods and sleep in their homes without fear of some stranger attacking them. A safer community equals overall peace and tranquility. The only way communities can stay safe is to put criminals behind bars. It has been proven that prisons make a difference for one importance reason: while in prison, criminals are not committing crimes. â€Å"The best way to reduce crime is to identify, prosecute, and incarcerate hard-core criminals. Study after study shows that a relatively small portion of the population is responsible for the lion’s share of criminal violence in this country. For example, one California study found that 3. 8 percent of a group of more than 236,000 men born in 1956 were responsible for 55. 5 percent of all serious felonies committed by the study group† (Bender/Leone, 1995, p. 100). Incarceration or prison is the answer to safer communities and a safer country. It has been argued that criminals are born in poor and violent communities. People commit crimes because they have no other viable choices. They break laws to feed themselves and their families; they break laws because they have been taught that they are worthless. Criminals have argued that they had no choice. This argument is not rational. The number of law abiding citizens living in poor and violent communities outweigh those who commit crimes. Criminals use their environment as an excuse to do what they want to do when they want to do it. Individuals blame society for their crimes and/or the victim so they can indulge their whims and seek further opportunities to commit crimes (Bender/Leone, 1995, p. 44). There is no excuse for breaking the law. Criminals choose to break the law and choose to blame their situations on others because of their choices. Another benefit of prison is the prison work programs. The prison work program gives jobs to prisoners and supports the economy. Prisons can help pay for their upkeep through their work programs, thus removing some of the burden of prison cost from taxpayers (Wagner, 2001, p. 28). Working will give prisoners something industrious to do and will influence good behavior. There must be a concentrated effort on the part of prisons and those outside prison walls to make prison work programs more effective. The effort will result in productive prisoners and more manageable prisoners who gain skills necessary for life after prison (Wagner, 2001, p. 29). Prison work programs have not been effectively established because of the negative images of prisoners. Prisoners are criminals who have committed crimes and are not fit to live in society. People outside prison walls do want to use prison made products and/or don’t believe prisoners deserve to create items for mass use. Yet, the cost to run prisons is increasing and the number of prisons being built around the United States is increasing yearly. In order to meet the need and make prisons productive, work programs are a practical option. â€Å"If one in four prisoners could be put to work for private enterprise†¦taxpayer costs would fall by $2. 4 billon per year† (Wagner, 2001, p. 28). The economy and citizens would benefit from a prison system that has limited self-support. The prison rehabilitation program is another benefit of placing criminals behind bars. Unfortunately, there is always going to be someone who feels they can live outside the limits of the law. For this reason, prisons will always be in use. The rehabilitation program teaches prisoners skills and gives them other options instead of crime. â€Å"People in the United States were optimistic that rehabilitation would be the answer to the rising crime rate. Work programs, in-jail therapy sessions, indeterminate sentences and halfway houses eased the return to a law-abiding life† (Blue/Naden, 2001, p. 20). Once released from prison, the criminal has an opportunity to become a productive member of society and find a job. The ability to support self and family will instill a sense of self-worth. The goal of prison rehabilitation is to promote a change in prisoners and instill a desire to become a productive member of society. Since a crime-free society is a thing of dreams, reality must involve solutions to the crime problem. Critics of rehabilitation programs have caused the support of such programs to decrease but it has been proven that rehabilitation works (Blue/Naden, 2001, p. 39). Every criminal is different, their personal history and situation is different and the circumstance surrounding their crime is different but with the right incentive, the right support and the right rehabilitation, success is possible. The most important benefit of placing criminals in prison is justice for the victim. When a person is a victim of a crime, they are violated. It doesn’t matter if the crime falls into the category of a felony or a misdemeanor, victims have been dishonored. Once justice has been served, victims are vindicated. They know that the criminal is paying a price for the harm done to them and that has been set right. Victims deserve to have their case heard and then hear a verdict that is fair and right, giving them a chance to rise above what has been done to them. Justice does not erase the crime but it makes living with the results a lot easier. Prisons are necessary and beneficial to the U. S. Prisons are needed in a society where crime is rising and thoughtless acts of violence are becoming second nature. Individuals who commit crimes cannot continue to live in society, running amuck and destroying lives of law-abiding citizens. Prisons benefit society as a whole by instilling personal responsibility in criminals, making communities safe, impacting the economy favorably, creating a work ethic through the prison work and rehabilitation programs and providing justice for the victims. Prison were created to house law breakers but in turn, criminals can learn to better themselves, change their lives for the better and make a lasting difference for themselves and their families while society is protected. Prisons are here to the advantage of law-abiding citizens and law breakers. Overall, both sides benefit in a win-win situation. REFERENCES Bender, David and Leone, Bruno, Editors. (1995). Crime and Criminals: Opposing Viewpoints. California: Greenhaven Press, Inc. Blue, Rose and Naden, Corrine J. (2001). Punishment and Rehabilitation. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers. Wagner, Michele, Editor. (2001). How Should Prisons Treat Inmates. California: Greenhaven Press, Inc.

Langston Hughes Critique Essay

In Aiden Wasley’s critique of â€Å"Mother to Son† by Langston Hughes, Wasley summarizes and analyzes the poem and gives a unique perspective on the poem and the poet. Wasley’s critique provides detailed insight of the character’s roles, biblical references, and overall theme of â€Å"Mother to Son†. His ideas seem logical and tastefully distributed. Wasley could have mentioned more about why â€Å"Mother to Son† is still a popular poem in modern times. Wasley describes his opinions about how he believes that the Mother figure in the poem is symbolic for the troublesome history of African-Americans. According to Wasley, Langston Hughes has used the â€Å"mother talking to son† setting in a few of his other poems as well. Wasley also did a fantastic job at explaining how Hughes references â€Å"Life ain’t a crystal stair† to the biblical story of â€Å"Jacob’s Ladder†. These details give the readers of the poem more background information and bring new depth to the poem. In his critique, Wasley also evaluates the form of â€Å"Mother to Son† and states that this poem has a prominently defined Blues theme. One reason, which Wasley did not mention, that â€Å"Mother to Son† is still a popular poem is that the themes of struggle and hardships are universal subjects that almost every human has to go through in some point of their lives. â€Å"Mother to Son† can also be seen as an encouraging and inspiring story for people who are going through such hardships. Overall, Aiden Wasley’s critique was thorough and he explained many different elements of â€Å"Mother to Son†. Some of these elements include the role’s of the characters, bliblical references, and the Blues theme of the poem. It felt as though Wasley analyzed this poem from every angle except the universal themes of struggle and hardship and the inspiration quality that â€Å"Mother to Son† displays.

Introducing Examples

Introducing Examples Introducing Examples Introducing Examples By Maeve Maddox A reader has asked me about my use of the abbreviation Ex. Does [Ex.] mean for example? Ive only known one abbreviation and thats eg. If that is the case can you please explain where eg came from? Sometimes I use Ex. to mean â€Å"for example† or â€Å"an example.† Sometimes I spell out â€Å"for example.† And when I’m feeling academic, I use e.g. to introduce a list of examples. E.g. is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase exempli gratia, â€Å"for the sake of example.† In US usage, a comma always follows the abbreviation, but in British usage, a comma after e.g. is optional. In this article, e.g. is written in italics because I’m writing about it. In normal use, the abbreviation is written in roman type: e.g. In the old days, before handy Latin shortcuts were perceived as â€Å"elitist and discriminatory, â€Å"writers threw in e.g. without restriction. Nowadays, style guides impose limitations. The Chicago Manual of Style advises that if e.g. is used in â€Å"running text,† it should be â€Å"confined to parentheses or notes.† Writing in 1926, Fowler (Modern English Usage) didn’t put any restrictions on the use of e.g., but in 1965, his editor, Ernest Gowers, added this advice: [The abbreviation e.g.] should be reserved for footnotes or very concise writing; in open prose it is better to write â€Å"for example.† The most unkindest cut of all regarding the use of e.g. and its ilk came to my attention in 2008 when I read an article in the London Telegraph about a movement in Britain to purge English of such long-established Latin shortcuts: Local authorities have ordered employees to stop using [Latin terms] on documents and when communicating with members of the public and to rely on wordier alternatives instead. The terms to be dropped in official documents included bona fide, ad lib, etc., ad hoc, i.e., per se, quid pro quo, vice versa, via, and status quo. Among the replacement recommendations were â€Å"existing condition† or â€Å"state of things† for status quo, and â€Å"for this special purpose† in place of ad hoc. Here’s the rationale offered by Bournemouth Council: Not everyone knows Latin. Many readers do not have English as their first language so using Latin can be particularly difficult. ESL learners shouldn’t have more difficulty than Latinless native speakers when it comes to learning the traditional Latin shortcuts. All they have to do is look them up in an English dictionary. However, we live in an age that bows before ignorance. Governing authorities and schools seem to feel that eliminating â€Å"hard words† is more desirable than taking the trouble to teach them. As for my use of the abbreviations e.g. and Ex., the only time I choose e.g. is in running text to introduce a short list of things or people to illustrate a concept: I especially love the nineteenth-century novelists, e.g., Herman Melville, Mrs. Gaskill, and George Eliot. And I don’t always put the e.g. bit in parentheses. Related post: The Difference Between e.g. and i.e.? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your WritingWriting a Thank You Note

Sewanee, University of the South - Admission Data

Sewanee, University of the South - Admission Data Sewanee Admissions Overview: Students applying to Sewanee do not need to submit scores from the SAT or ACTstudents can submit these scores if theyd like, but its not a requirement. Students are required to submit an application to Sewanee through the Common Applicationwhich can save time and money for applicants applying to multiple schools that use that application. With an acceptance rate of 44%, the school is fairly selectivesuccessful applicants generally have good grades, a well-rounded academic background, and a strong application. Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016): Sewanee Acceptance Rate: 44%GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Sewanee AdmissionsTest Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: - / -SAT Math: - / -SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanTennessee colleges SAT comparisonACT Composite: - / -ACT English: - / -ACT Math: - / -ACT Writing: - / -What these ACT numbers meanTennessee colleges ACT comparison Sewanee Description: Sewanee: The University of the South, stands on a 13,000 acre campus on the Cumberland Plateau between Chattanooga and Nashville in Tennessee. A small college, Sewanees liberal arts curriculum places students first. Every class at Sewanee is taught be a professor, not grad students, and the university boasts an 11 to 1  student faculty / ratio.  Average class size is 18 in the first year, 13 in later years. Sewanee has produced 25 Rhodes Scholars, a remarkable number for a school of about 1,500 students. English is particularly strong, and the university is home to  The Sewanee Review  and Sewanee Writers Conference. In athletics, popular sports include football, lacrosse, soccer, softball, track and field, and tennis. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 1,815  (1,731  undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 47% Male / 53% Female99% Full-time Costs (2016  - 17): Tuition and Fees: $42,400Books: $1,200 (why so much?)Room and Board: $12,100Other Expenses: $1,750Total Cost: $57,450 Sewanee Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 85%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 84%Loans: 35%Average Amount of AidGrants: $21,168Loans: $5,405 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Biology, Economics, English, Global Studies, History, Political Science, Psychology What major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 88%Transfer-out Rate: 15%4-Year Graduation Rate: 79%6-Year Graduation Rate: 82% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Football, Lacrosse, Soccer, Golf, Tennis, Basketball, Baseball, Track and Field, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Field Hockey, Lacrosse, Softball, Soccer, Volleyball, Tennis, Basketball, Cheerleading Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Sewanee, You May Also Like These Schools: Vanderbilt University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBelmont University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWake Forest University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphEmory University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDuke University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBerry College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphElon University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Virginia: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUNC - Chapel Hill: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphKenyon College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAuburn University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphFurman University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Incarceration Type and Family Intervention as Determinants of Essay

Incarceration Type and Family Intervention as Determinants of Recidivism in Juvenile Delinquency - Essay Example The risk of facing harsher punishment through possible incarceration in adult prisons blossomed as a way to deter juveniles from engaging in violent crimes. Supporters of juvenile incarceration in adult prisons therefore rely on its supposed deterrent value. Despite the growing concern about juvenile violence, many opponents of the current system have continually pointed out that the risks involved in imposing adult penalties to juvenile offenders far outweigh the presumed benefits. Convicted juveniles are placed in adult correctional centers in the hope that the harsher environment would better rehabilitate them. The opposite seems to be the case. Many opponents of adult incarceration, for example, believe that it does not deter juvenile violence at all. This theory has is supported by several studies. Allard (2002), for example, found that adult correctional centers actually had a negative effect on juvenile delinquents. Compared to their counterparts who were retained in juvenile centers, transferred juvenile offenders released from adult correctional centers have been found to have a higher tendency for repeated criminal behavior. (Allard 2002) In the same study, recidivism was shown to be noticeably more significant among juvenile offenders who had been incarcerated in adult prisons. Such findings are diametrically opposed to the theory that adult punishment would lead to more effective rehabilitation for juvenile delinquents. This stand is further supported more recent work which revealed that the mental states of juveniles being sent to adult prisons did not significantly differ from those being sent to juvenile centers. This finding debunks the notion that juveniles sent to adult prisons are different from the regular juvenile delinquent, a wayward youth whose behavior already warrants harsher measures. Beyer's (2006) study of 50 juvenile delinquents that he had encountered in the course of several years as a psychologist rejected the notion of harsh punishment as the catch-all solution for juvenile crime. His study, instead, forwarded the conclusion that while juveniles sent to adult prisons have almost negligible differences from those retained in juvenile centers, the juveniles which are produced at such prisons come out harder and more prone to recidivism. We may thus logically entertain the existence of a relationship between incarceration type and recidivism or repeated criminal behavior. The truth of this statement would have weighty implications both on the juvenile criminal system as well as the legal policies that are currently being implemented in addressing juvenile violence and crime. Aside from asking ourselves whether harsher punishments are truly effective in curbing juvenile crime, we also encounter questions about alternative mechanisms. Grisso (1996), for one, points out the manifest challenges being faced today in the field of juvenile justice. New ways to discourage juvenile delinquency must be adequately examined. More importantly, Grisso (1996) offers the position that harsher prison conditions for juvenile offenders through incarceration in adult correctional facilities may actually be doing more harm than good. Social

Discuss the main barriers to business development in the assigned Essay

Discuss the main barriers to business development in the assigned country. Croatia - Essay Example 2011). Croatia was one of the wealthiest Yugoslav republics before the break up. It suffered badly during the 1991-95 period when output collapsed and the Croats missed the early opportunities of waves of investments in Europe that was followed after the collapse of the Berlin wall. But due to increased and sustained efforts to build the battered economy, its recovery started during 2000 and 2007. It had a moderate and steady GDP in between 4% and 6%. There was a rebound of the tourism industry which contributed well to the GDP growth. Moreover credit driven consumer spending also was another reason for the growth of GDP. Inflation was controlled and the currency Kuna was stable. But in spite of these growth potentials, difficult times still remain in Croatia. There are growing unemployment, increase trade deficit and unbalanced regional development. In Croatia, the state retains larger part of the economy. Privatization efforts are often met with stiff public resistance. Although ma croeconomic stabilization has been achieved in the economy, there is a lag in structural reforms because of the resistance against privatization and lack of interest shown by politicians. Joining to the EU may somewhat change things in Croatia. It could accelerate fiscal and structural reforms in the country. ... However during recent years the Croatian economy has shown signs of revival. Its latest GDP purchasing power parity is estimated to be $78.52 billion; the GDP official exchange rate is $59.92 billion. But the real GDP growth rate has gone down to negative 1.4% in 2010. The GDP per capita income is $17500 making its rank to 67th in the world. The unemployment rate in the country is 17% and the public debt is 55%. It has an external debt of $59.7 billion (The world fact book. 2010). Over the last three years, the Croatian economy has undergone vast changes. Thousands of new private enterprises have sprung up. Government owned enterprises are in the process of transformation and privatization. It has abundant natural and human resources as well as a long standing business tradition. Moreover after the collapse of communism, new legal systems which would steer the economy are being developed in Croatia. There is tremendous hope that the economy would be a market driven economy in the fut ure (How to do Business with Croatia?2010). One among the significant barriers that has affected the business sector in Croatia is the hangover of communist regime. Even though Croatia is now very well advancing towards attaining membership in the European Union, the aftermath of communist rule in the country has significantly damaged some developments with regard to privatization. Many large commercial companies in Croatia still are supported alone by the state, notably the shipyard industry. Attempts made to sell of the assets to private enterprises have failed due to tough resistance. It is inevitable that a renewed effort is needed to address these problems effectively. The economy of the country has contracted over the last two years due